quark

See also: Quark

English

Etymology 1

Coined by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1963. The literary connection to James Joyce's Finnegans Wake was asserted later; see the Quark Wikipedia article.

Pronunciation

• enPR: kwôk, IPA^(key): /kwɔːk/; enPR: kwäk, IPA^(key): /kwɑːk/
• enPR: kwôrk, IPA^(key): /kwɔɹk/; enPR: kwärk, IPA^(key): /kwɑɹk/
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)k, Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k

Noun

quark (plural quarks)

1. (physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.
   • 1993, Gell-Mann won the linguistic battle once again: his choice, a croaking nonsense word, was "quark". (After the fact, he was able to tack on a literary antecedent when he found the phrase "Three quarks for Muster Mark" in Finnegans Wake, but the physicists quark was pronounced from the beginning to rhyme with "cork".) — James Gleick, Genius: Richard Feynman and Modern Physics
   • 2012 March-April, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, page 146:

     There were also particles no one had predicted that just appeared. Five of them […, i]n order of increasing modernity, […] are the neutrino, the pi meson, the antiproton, the quark and the Higgs boson.

2. (computing, X Window System) An integer that uniquely identifies a text string.
   • 2012, Keith D. Gregory, Programming with Motif (page 453)

     Two functions are provided to convert between strings and quarks: XrmStringToQuark and XrmQuarkToString […]

Hyponyms

• beauty quark
• bottom quark
• charm quark
• down quark
• strange quark
• top quark
• truth quark
• up quark

 

Derived terms

• antiquark
• biquark
• diquark
• hexaquark
• interquark
• multiquark
• pentaquark
• prequark
• quagma
• quark-gluon plasma
• quarkless
• quark matter
• quark model
• quark nova
• quarkonic
• quarkonium
• quark star
• quark theory
• quarkyonic
• quink
• squark
• subquark
• techniquark
• tetraquark
• triquark

 

Translations

(physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle which forms matter

• Arabic: كُوَارْك m (kuwark)
• Armenian: քվարկ (hy) (kʻvark)
• Basque: quark
• Bengali: কোয়ার্ক (kōẇark)
• Bulgarian: кварк m (kvark)
• Catalan: quark (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 誇克／夸克, 夸克 (kwa¹ hak¹)

  Mandarin: 誇克／夸克 (zh), 夸克 (zh) (kuā kè), 层子 (zh), 虧子／亏子

• Czech: kvark (cs) m
• Danish: kvark (da) ?
• Dutch: quark (nl) m
• Esperanto: kvarko
• Faroese: kvarkur m
• Finnish: kvarkki (fi)
• French: quark (fr) m
• German: Quark (de) n
• Greek: κουάρκ (el) ? (kouárk)
• Hindi: क्वार्क m (kvārk)
• Hungarian: kvark (hu)
• Icelandic: kvarki (is) m
• Ido: quarko (io)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Indonesian: kuark (id)
• Irish: cuarc m
• Italian: quark (it) m
• Japanese: クォーク (ja) (kuwōku)
• Korean: 쿼크 (kwokeu), 쿼크모형 (kwokeumohyeong)
• Macedonian: ква́рк m (kvárk)
• Malay: kuark
• Persian: کوارک (fa) (kuārk)
• Polish: kwark (pl) m
• Portuguese: quark (pt) m
• Russian: кварк (ru) m (kvark)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ква̏рк m

  Roman: kvȁrk (sh) m

• Slovak: kvark (sk) m
• Slovene: kvark (sl) m
• Spanish: quark (es) m
• Swedish: kvark (sv)
• Turkish: kuark
• Ukrainian: кварк m (kvark)
• Urdu: کوارک m (kvārk)
• Vietnamese: quắc (vi)

See also

• hadron
• meson

Etymology 2

German quark.

Borrowed from German Quark, from late Middle High German twarc, from a West Slavic language (compare Polish twaróg), from Proto-Slavic *tvarogъ.

Doublet of tvorog.

Noun

quark (uncountable)

1. A soft creamy cheese, eaten throughout northern, central, and eastern Europe, very similar to cottage cheese except that it is usually not made with rennet.

Translations

soft creamy cheese

• Bats: კალტ (ḳalṭ)
• Belarusian: тваро́г m (tvaróh)
• Czech: tvaroh (cs) m
• Danish: kvark (da) c
• Dutch: kwark (nl) ?, plattekaas (nl) ?
• Estonian: kohupiim
• Faroese: kvarkur m
• Finnish: maitorahka, rahka (fi)
• French: fromage blanc (fr) m, caillé (fr) m, faisselle (fr) f, (Belgium) maquée (fr), quark (fr) m
• Galician: quark (gl) m
• Georgian: ხაჭო (xač̣o)
• German: Quark (de) m, Topfen (de) m (Bavaria, Austria)
• Hungarian: túró (hu)
• Ido: kazeo (io)
• Japanese: クワルク (kuwaruku), クォークチーズ (kuōku chīzu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Kashubian: glëmza ?, glomza ?
• Korean: 크바르크 (keubareukeu)
• Latvian: biezpiens m, kupuša piens m pl (dated), kupināts piens m pl (dated)
• Macedonian: урда f (urda)
• Norwegian: kvarg m
• Polish: twaróg (pl) ?
• Portuguese: quark (pt) m
• Russian: творо́г (ru) m (tvoróg), тво́рог (ru) m (tvórog)
• Slovak: tvaroh ?
• Spanish: requesón (es) m, quark (es) m
• Swedish: kvarg (sv) ?, kvark (sv) c
• Ukrainian: творо́г m (tvoróh), сир m (syr)
• Vilamovian: twiöeg ?

See also

• curd

Etymology 3

Onomatopoeic, from the sound of the squawk.

Noun

quark (plural quarks)

1. (Falkland Islands, informal) The black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax.

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Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Noun

quark m (plural quarks)

1. (physics) quark

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

quark m (plural quarks)

1. (physics) quark

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kwaʁk/

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

Noun

quark m (plural quarks)

1. (physics) quark

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Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Noun

quark m (plural quarks)

1. (physics) quark

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Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkwark/
• Hyphenation: quàrk

Noun

quark m (uncountable)

1. (physics) quark

Derived terms

• quarkonio

References

• quark in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Noun

quark m (plural s)

1. (physics) quark (an elementary subatomic particle which forms matter)
2. quark (soft creamy cheese)

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English quark.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkwaɾk/ [ˈkwaɾk]

Noun

quark m (plural quarks)

1. quark

   Hypernyms: fermión, partícula elemental

Hyponyms

• (quarks) quark; quark arriba, quark abajo, quark encantado, quark extraño, quark cima, quark fondo ^{(Category: es:Quarks)}

See also

• (fermions) fermión; quark, leptón

• quark on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^es