redundant

English

Etymology

From Latin redundāns, present participle of redundō (“to overflow, redound”), from red- (“again, back”) + undō (“to surge, flood”), from unda (“a wave”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈdan.dənt/

  • Audio (General Australian):

    (file)

Adjective

redundant (comparative more redundant, superlative most redundant)

1. Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary, no longer needed.
   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of the Academy. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 82:

     It is allowed, that Senates and great Councils are often troubled with redundant, ebullient, and other peccant Humours, with many Diſeaſes of the Head and more of the Heart; […]

   • 1822, John Barclay, chapter I, in An Inquiry Into the Opinions, Ancient and Modern, Concerning Life and Organization‎^[1], Edinburgh; London: Bell & Bradfute; Waugh & Innes; G. & W. B. Whittaker, section I, page 1:

     In the living state, the body is observed to receive aliment; to assimilate a part; to evacuate what is redundant or useless; […]

   • 2020 December 16, “Network News: "Robust case" for Fawley branch reopening”, in Rail, page 14:

     A key driver has been the approval of a new housing and employment development called Fawley Waterside, with 1,500 homes planned on the site of a redundant power station on the edge of Southampton Water.

   • 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Network Rail Community Award: Saltash and Stow”, in RAIL, number 946, page 58:

     Two entrants shared this award for their work on two quite different stations, but with the same purpose of bringing a redundant station building back into use for the benefit of the community, with the added result of conserving an historic building.

2. (of words, writing, etc) Repetitive or needlessly wordy.
3. (chiefly British, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) Dismissed from employment because no longer needed.

   Synonym: surplus to requirements

   Four employees were made redundant.

4. Duplicating or able to duplicate the function of another component of a system, providing backup in the event the other component fails.
   • 2013, Tom Denton, Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems, page 142:

     The two lines are mainly used for redundant and therefore fault-tolerant message transmission, but they can also transmit different messages.

5. (networking, of topology) Containing duplicate pathways to send a message.

Antonyms

• non-redundant

Derived terms

• redundant acronym syndrome
• redundant array of independent disks
• redundant colon
• redundantly
• redundundant

Related terms

• redound (verb)
• redundance
• redundancy

Translations

superfluous

• Arabic: فَائِض (ar) m (fāʔiḍ), زَائِد m (zāʔid)
• Armenian: ավելորդ (hy) (avelord)
• Basque: gehiegizko
• Bulgarian: излишен (bg) (izlišen)
• Catalan: redundant (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 冗杂 (zh) (rǒngzá), 冗余 (zh) (rǒngyú)

• Czech: nadbytečný
• Danish: overflødig (da)
• Dutch: overbodig (nl), overtollig (nl), achterhaald (nl)
• Esperanto: superflua
• Estonian: ülearune, üleliigne
• Finnish: liiallinen (fi)
• French: redondant (fr)
• Galician: redundante
• Georgian: ზედმეტი (zedmeṭi), ნამეტი (nameṭi), გადამეტებული (gadameṭebuli), ჭარბი (č̣arbi)
• German: überflüssig (de)
• Greek: πλεονάζων (el) (pleonázon), παραπανίσιος (el) (parapanísios), υπεράριθμος (el) (yperárithmos), περισσός (el) (perissós)
• Hebrew: מיותר (he) (meyutár)
• Hungarian: felesleges (hu), redundáns (hu), szükségtelen (hu), mellőzhető (hu), nélkülözhető (hu)
• Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
• Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
• Irish: iomarcach
• Italian: ridondante (it), iperverboso, copioso (it), sovrabbondante (it), pleonastico (it)
• Korean: 여분의 (yeobunui), 불필요한 (bulpiryohan)
• Latvian: lieks
• Lithuanian: perteklinis, nereikalingas
• Macedonian: излишен (izlišen)
• Manchu: ᠯᠠᠮᡦᠠ (lampa)
• Maori: tāwere
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian: overflødig (no)
• Ottoman Turkish: آرتق (artık)
• Persian: افرونگی (afzunegi)
• Polish: nadmiarowy (pl), nadmierny (pl), redundantny (pl) (literally)
• Portuguese: redundante (pt)
• Romanian: redundant (ro)
• Russian: изли́шний (ru) (izlíšnij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: су̏вӣшан, и̏злишан, редунда̀нтан

  Roman: sȕvīšan (sh), ȉzlišan (sh), redundàntan (sh), zalihosan

• Slovak: nadbytočný, prebytočný, redundantný
• Slovene: odvečen
• Spanish: superfluo (es), redundante (es)
• Swedish: överflödig (sv)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: ihtiyaçtan fazla, fazla (tr), gereğinden fazla, lüzumundan fazla (tr), yedek (tr) (backup), lüzumsuz (tr), gereksiz (tr)
• Ukrainian: надлишковий (nadlyškovyj)
• Vietnamese: rườm rà (vi), dư thừa

needlessly wordy

• Arabic: حَشْو (ḥašw)
• Bulgarian: многословен (bg) (mnogosloven)
• Catalan: redundant (ca)
• Finnish: liikasanainen
• Galician: redundante
• Georgian: სიტყვაგრძელი (siṭq̇vagrʒeli), სიტყვამრავალი (siṭq̇vamravali), გაჭიანურებული (gač̣ianurebuli)
• German: redundant (de), überzählig (de), doppelt gemoppelt (de)
• Greek: περίσσιος (el) (períssios)
• Hungarian: terjengős (hu)
• Japanese: 冗長 (ja) (じょうちょう, jōchō)
• Norwegian: redundant (no), overflødig (no)
• Persian: حشو (hašv)
• Polish: rozwlekły (pl)
• Romanian: redundant (ro)
• Spanish: redundante (es)

Further reading

• “redundant”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “redundant”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “redundant”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin redundantem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [rə.ðunˈdan]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [rə.ðunˈdant]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [re.ðunˈdant]

Adjective

redundant m or f (masculine and feminine plural redundants)

1. redundant

Derived terms

• redundantment

Related terms

• redundància
• redundar

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English redundant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reː.dʏnˈdɑnt/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

redundant (comparative redundanter, superlative redundantst)

1. redundant

   Synonyms: overbodig, overtollig, boventallig, onnodig

Declension

Declension of redundant
uninflected	redundant
inflected	redundante
comparative	redundanter
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		redundant	redundanter	het redundantst het redundantste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	redundante	redundantere	redundantste
	n. sing.	redundant	redundanter	redundantste
	plural	redundante	redundantere	redundantste
definite		redundante	redundantere	redundantste
partitive		redundants	redundanters	—

Derived terms

• redundantie

German

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Latin redundans.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁedʊnˈdant/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ant

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

Adjective

redundant (strong nominative masculine singular redundanter, comparative redundanter, superlative am redundantesten)

1. redundant

   Synonym: überzählig

Declension

Positive forms of redundant

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist redundant	sie ist redundant	es ist redundant	sie sind redundant
strong declension (without article)	nominative	redundanter	redundante	redundantes	redundante
	genitive	redundanten	redundanter	redundanten	redundanter
	dative	redundantem	redundanter	redundantem	redundanten
	accusative	redundanten	redundante	redundantes	redundante
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der redundante	die redundante	das redundante	die redundanten
	genitive	des redundanten	der redundanten	des redundanten	der redundanten
	dative	dem redundanten	der redundanten	dem redundanten	den redundanten
	accusative	den redundanten	die redundante	das redundante	die redundanten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein redundanter	eine redundante	ein redundantes	(keine) redundanten
	genitive	eines redundanten	einer redundanten	eines redundanten	(keiner) redundanten
	dative	einem redundanten	einer redundanten	einem redundanten	(keinen) redundanten
	accusative	einen redundanten	eine redundante	ein redundantes	(keine) redundanten

Comparative forms of redundant

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist redundanter	sie ist redundanter	es ist redundanter	sie sind redundanter
strong declension (without article)	nominative	redundanterer	redundantere	redundanteres	redundantere
	genitive	redundanteren	redundanterer	redundanteren	redundanterer
	dative	redundanterem	redundanterer	redundanterem	redundanteren
	accusative	redundanteren	redundantere	redundanteres	redundantere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der redundantere	die redundantere	das redundantere	die redundanteren
	genitive	des redundanteren	der redundanteren	des redundanteren	der redundanteren
	dative	dem redundanteren	der redundanteren	dem redundanteren	den redundanteren
	accusative	den redundanteren	die redundantere	das redundantere	die redundanteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein redundanterer	eine redundantere	ein redundanteres	(keine) redundanteren
	genitive	eines redundanteren	einer redundanteren	eines redundanteren	(keiner) redundanteren
	dative	einem redundanteren	einer redundanteren	einem redundanteren	(keinen) redundanteren
	accusative	einen redundanteren	eine redundantere	ein redundanteres	(keine) redundanteren

Superlative forms of redundant

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am redundantesten	sie ist am redundantesten	es ist am redundantesten	sie sind am redundantesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	redundantester	redundanteste	redundantestes	redundanteste
	genitive	redundantesten	redundantester	redundantesten	redundantester
	dative	redundantestem	redundantester	redundantestem	redundantesten
	accusative	redundantesten	redundanteste	redundantestes	redundanteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der redundanteste	die redundanteste	das redundanteste	die redundantesten
	genitive	des redundantesten	der redundantesten	des redundantesten	der redundantesten
	dative	dem redundantesten	der redundantesten	dem redundantesten	den redundantesten
	accusative	den redundantesten	die redundanteste	das redundanteste	die redundantesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein redundantester	eine redundanteste	ein redundantestes	(keine) redundantesten
	genitive	eines redundantesten	einer redundantesten	eines redundantesten	(keiner) redundantesten
	dative	einem redundantesten	einer redundantesten	einem redundantesten	(keinen) redundantesten
	accusative	einen redundantesten	eine redundanteste	ein redundantestes	(keine) redundantesten

Related terms

• Redundanz

Further reading

• “redundant” in Duden online
• “redundant” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Latin

Verb

redundant

1. third-person plural present active indicative of redundō

Romanian

Alternative forms

• redondant

Etymology

Borrowed from English redundant and French redondant, from Latin redundans.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.dunˈdant/

Adjective

redundant m or n (feminine singular redundantă, masculine plural redundanți, feminine/neuter plural redundante)

1. redundant

Declension

Declension of redundant

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	redundant		redundantă		redundanți	redundante
	definite	redundantul		redundanta		redundanții	redundantele
genitive- dative	indefinite	redundant		redundante		redundanți	redundante
	definite	redundantului		redundantei		redundanților	redundantelor

Related terms

• redondanță