wirken
Appearance
See also: Wirken
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German wirken, from Old High German wirken, from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Early on merged with Middle High German würken, from Old High German wurken, from Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną, closely related to the first-mentioned verb.[1] The i-form prevailed in Central German, the ü-form in Upper German; the latter was displaced from the written language in the 18th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈvɪrkən/, [ˈvɪʁ.kŋ̍], [ˈvɪɐ̯-], [ʋ-], [-kən]
Audio: (file) Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) - Hyphenation: wir‧ken
Verb
[edit]wirken (weak, third-person singular present wirkt, past tense wirkte, past participle gewirkt, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to function, to be effective, to work
- Das neue Medikament wirkt nicht so gut wie Aspirin.
- The new medicine doesn't work as well as aspirin.
- Dieser Köder wirkt wie ein Fischmagnet.
- This bait works like a fish magnet.
- (copulative, sometimes impersonal) to appear, to seem [with auf (+ accusative) ‘to someone’]
- Dieses Essen wirkt etwas fade.
- This food seems a little bland.
- Es wirkt, als wollten sie das Projekt abbrechen.
- It seems like they want to cancel the project.
- Du wirkst seltsam auf mich.
- You seem strange to me.
- (intransitive) to have an effect [with auf (+ accusative) ‘on someone/something’]
- Lassen Sie die einzigartige Landschaft auf sich wirken.
- Let the unique landscape have its effect on you.
- (transitive) to perform (some action), to achieve (some effect), to work (cause to happen), to cast (a spell)
- Die Therapie wirkt Wunder bei meiner Arthritis.
- The therapy works wonders for my arthritis.
- (intransitive) to work or be active in a certain field or industry
- Ich habe einige Jahre als Architekt gewirkt.
- I worked as an architect for several years.
- (intransitive) to work [with für (+ accusative) ‘for/toward a goal or for a cause’]
- Wir wirken für den Frieden und den Schutz der Umwelt.
- We work for peace and the protection of the environment.
- (intransitive) to take effect, to be effective
- Die neue Regel wirkt ab sofort.
- The new rule is effective immediately.
- (manufacturing) to knit (with yarn), to brocade
- (baking) to knead
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | wirken | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | wirkend | ||||
| past participle | gewirkt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich wirke | wir wirken | i | ich wirke | wir wirken |
| du wirkst | ihr wirkt | du wirkest | ihr wirket | ||
| er wirkt | sie wirken | er wirke | sie wirken | ||
| preterite | ich wirkte | wir wirkten | ii | ich wirkte1 | wir wirkten1 |
| du wirktest | ihr wirktet | du wirktest1 | ihr wirktet1 | ||
| er wirkte | sie wirkten | er wirkte1 | sie wirkten1 | ||
| imperative | wirk (du) wirke (du) |
wirkt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]verbs
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “wirken”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “wirken”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[1] (in German)
- “wirken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “wirken” in Duden online
- “wirken” in OpenThesaurus.de
wirken on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Old Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan.
Verb
[edit]wirken
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of wirken (weak class 1 j-present)
| infinitive | wirken | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | wirco, wircon | worhta |
| 2nd person singular | wirkis | worhtos |
| 3rd person singular | wirkit | worhta |
| 1st person plural | wircun | worhton |
| 2nd person plural | wirkit | worhtot |
| 3rd person plural | wircunt | worhton |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | wirke | worhti |
| 2nd person singular | wirkis | worhtis |
| 3rd person singular | wirke | worhti |
| 1st person plural | wirkin | worhtin |
| 2nd person plural | wirkit | worhtit |
| 3rd person plural | wirkin | worhtin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | wirki | |
| plural | wirkit | |
| participle | present | past |
| wirkendi | worht, giworht | |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “wirken”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Categories:
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German copulative verbs
- German impersonal verbs
- German transitive verbs
- de:Manufacturing
- de:Baking
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch irregular verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak j-present verbs
- Old Dutch basic verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak verbs