礎

See also: 础

礎 U+790E, 礎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-790E ← 礍 [U+790D] CJK Unified Ideographs 礏 → [U+790F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional Chinese and Japanese

Han character

礎 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一口木木人 (MRDDO), four-corner 1468₁, composition ⿰石楚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24522
• Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2458, character 13
• Unihan data for U+790E

Chinese

trad.		礎
simp.		础

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
疋	*ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑	*sŋas, *sŋa
壻	*sŋeːs
婿	*sŋeːs
胥	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
稰	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
楈	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
諝	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
湑	*sŋa, *sŋaʔ
揟	*sŋa
醑	*sŋaʔ
糈	*sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
楚	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras
礎	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊	*sŋ̊ʰras
綀	*sŋra
疎	*sŋra
疏	*sŋra, *sŋras
蔬	*sŋra
梳	*sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 楚 (OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) – a kind of stone, a plinth.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǔ (chu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): co²
• Eastern Min (BUC): chū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): co²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu³
    • Yale: chǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
    • Palladius: чу (ču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: co²
    • Yale: chó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tso²
    • Guangdong Romanization: co²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: co²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhjoX

Rime
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	創舉切
Baxter	tsrhjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
No.	11782
Phonetic component	疋
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	楚
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Definitions

礎

1. plinth
2. foundation; base
3. basis; cornerstone

Compounds

• 基礎／基础 (jīchǔ)
• 基礎代謝／基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
• 基礎免疫／基础免疫
• 基礎工業／基础工业
• 基礎工程／基础工程
• 基礎教育／基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
• 基礎條約／基础条约
• 基礎科學／基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
• 基礎設施／基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
• 基礎課／基础课
• 基礎課程／基础课程
• 基礎音／基础音
• 基礎體溫／基础体温
• 客戶基礎／客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
• 巢礎／巢础
• 礎潤而雨／础润而雨
• 礎石／础石 (chǔshí)
• 經濟基礎／经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)

 

Japanese

Kanji

礎

(Jōyō kanji)

1. cornerstone

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho)
• Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
• Kun: いしずえ (ishizue, 礎, Jōyō)
• Nanori: もとい (motoi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
礎
いしずえ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 礎 – see the following entry.

【いしずえ】 [noun] foundation stone [noun] (figurative) foundation (of a field of study, etc.)

(This term, 礎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礎 (MC tsrhjoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 초〮 (chwó) (Yale: chwó) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

Wikisource

礎 (eumhun 주춧돌 초 (juchutdol cho))

1. hanja form^? of 초 (“cornerstone”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 기초 (基礎, gicho)
• 초석 (礎石, choseok)
• 주초 (柱礎, jucho)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]