bura

See also: Bura, búra, bură, burą, and бура

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burɑ/

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

bura

1. here, this place.

   Bura qalmalı yer deyil ― This (place) is not a place where one can live

   Bura hər hansısa filmdən bir fraqment deyil, bura Suriyadır ― This (place) is not a fragment from a movie, this (place) is Syria

   Bura Spartadır! ― This is Sparta!

Declension

Declension of bura
	singular	plural
nominative	bura	buralar
definite accusative	buranı	buraları
dative	buraya	buralara
locative	burada	buralarda
ablative	buradan	buralardan
definite genitive	buranın	buraların

Possessive forms of bura
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	buram	buralarım
sənin (“your”)	buran	buraların
onun (“his/her/its”)	burası	buraları
bizim (“our”)	buramız	buralarımız
sizin (“your”)	buranız	buralarınız
onların (“their”)	burası or buraları	buraları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	buramı	buralarımı
sənin (“your”)	buranı	buralarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	burasını	buralarını
bizim (“our”)	buramızı	buralarımızı
sizin (“your”)	buranızı	buralarınızı
onların (“their”)	burasını or buralarını	buralarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	burama	buralarıma
sənin (“your”)	burana	buralarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	burasına	buralarına
bizim (“our”)	buramıza	buralarımıza
sizin (“your”)	buranıza	buralarınıza
onların (“their”)	burasına or buralarına	buralarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	buramda	buralarımda
sənin (“your”)	buranda	buralarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	burasında	buralarında
bizim (“our”)	buramızda	buralarımızda
sizin (“your”)	buranızda	buralarınızda
onların (“their”)	burasında or buralarında	buralarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	buramdan	buralarımdan
sənin (“your”)	burandan	buralarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	burasından	buralarından
bizim (“our”)	buramızdan	buralarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	buranızdan	buralarınızdan
onların (“their”)	burasından or buralarından	buralarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	buramın	buralarımın
sənin (“your”)	buranın	buralarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	burasının	buralarının
bizim (“our”)	buramızın	buralarımızın
sizin (“your”)	buranızın	buralarınızın
onların (“their”)	burasının or buralarının	buralarının

Etymology 2

From a reduction of buraya, singular dative of bura.

Adverb

bura

1. to here, to this place, hither.

   bura mənim toçkamdır, heç kim bura gəlməsin

   This is my spot, no one should come here

Dalmatian

Etymology

Probably ultimately from Latin boreas < Ancient Greek Βορέᾱς (Boréās). Compare Italian borea, Romanian bură, Venetian bura.

Noun

bura f

1. north wind

Gamilaraay

Noun

bura

1. bone

Garo

Etymology

Borrowed from Bengali বুড়ো (buṛō).

Noun

bura

1. elder

Derived terms

• buraa

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /búː.ɽáː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [búː.ɽáː]

Noun

būrā f (possessed form būrar̃)

1. penis

   Synonyms: azzakari, bindi, jela, wutsiya

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbuːrɒ]
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

Noun

bura

1. Superseded spelling of búra.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	bura	burák
accusative	burát	burákat
dative	burának	buráknak
instrumental	burával	burákkal
causal-final	buráért	burákért
translative	burává	burákká
terminative	buráig	burákig
essive-formal	buraként	burákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	burában	burákban
superessive	burán	burákon
adessive	buránál	buráknál
illative	burába	burákba
sublative	burára	burákra
allative	burához	burákhoz
elative	burából	burákból
delative	buráról	burákról
ablative	burától	buráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	buráé	buráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	buráéi	burákéi

Possessive forms of bura
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	burám	buráim
2nd person sing.	burád	buráid
3rd person sing.	burája	burái
1st person plural	buránk	buráink
2nd person plural	burátok	buráitok
3rd person plural	burájuk	buráik

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay bura.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbura]
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

Verb

bura

1. to spit (said of snakes)

Further reading

• “bura” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

bura

1. Rōmaji transcription of ブラ

Latin

Etymology

From Etruscan 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌀 (pura, “plough beam”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbuː.ra/, [ˈbuːrä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbu.ra/, [ˈbuːrä]

Noun

būra f (genitive būrae); first declension

1. beam of a plough

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	būra	būrae
Genitive	būrae	būrārum
Dative	būrae	būrīs
Accusative	būram	būrās
Ablative	būrā	būrīs
Vocative	būra	būrae

Descendants

• Italian: bure

References

• “bura”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• bura in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “bura”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[1]
• “bura”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “bura”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “bura”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Latvian

Etymology

Cognate to Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to swell”) (whence also bozt) with a suffix -rā- whence Proto-Baltic *burā- whence the Latvian term with the initial meaning of “that which inflates”. It is possible that the Lithuanian term is a borrowing from Latvian (Nieminen, Fraenkel). Of the same origin are the dialectal terms būra, būris (“crowd”), compare Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”). [The usual meaning of būris (“cage”) is unrelated, this is a borrowing from Middle Low German.]

A different opinion (Pokorny, Endzelīns) is that this term is to be linked with Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), later form φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”) or, according to a different opinion (Mikola, Nieminen, Fraenkel), the term is borrowed from Livonian pūŗaz (< *purri), compare Finnish purje (“id.”) However, no forms with p- have been recorded in Latvian dialects.

This term was introduced in the literary language (from some dialect) during the 1870s by K. Valdemārs, before that the typical term for a sail was zēģele, from Middle Dutch zegel or Middle Low German segel (“sail”). Karulis assumes that bura must have been a Curonian word noting similarities with the Kursenieki (Latvian language enclaves around the Curonian Lagoon, former East Prussia) terms bur(-a) and burpils “crooked or hollowed out piece of wood for sprinkling sails with water”, where -pils from pilt “to bail (i.e., scoop water)”.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bura]

Noun

bura f (4th declension)

1. sail

Declension

Declension of bura (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	bura	buras
accusative (akuzatīvs)	buru	buras
genitive (ģenitīvs)	buras	buru
dative (datīvs)	burai	burām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	buru	burām
locative (lokatīvs)	burā	burās
vocative (vokatīvs)	bura	buras

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀəS.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bu.ra/
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [ˈburä], [ˈburə]
• Rhymes: -ura, -ra, -a

Verb

bura (Jawi spelling بورا)

1. to spit out; to eject
2. to spray
3. (Singapore) to be chucked out
4. to pillory

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pembura [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• membura [agent focus] (meN-)
• memburakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dibura [patient focus] (di-)
• diburakan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• terbura [agentless action] (teR-)
• berbura [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• naga bura
• ular bura

Descendants

• Indonesian: bura

Further reading

• “bura” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Norse

Noun

bura

1. genitive plural of burr

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbu.ra/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ura
• Syllabification: bu‧ra
• Homophone: Bura

Etymology 1

Back-formation from burka.

Noun

bura f

1. (colloquial) rebuke

   Synonyms: obryw, obskok, ochrzan, opeer, reprymenda

Declension

Declension of bura

	singular	plural
nominative	bura	bury
genitive	bury	bur
dative	burze	burom
accusative	burę	bury
instrumental	burą	burami
locative	burze	burach
vocative	buro	bury

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

bura

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of bury

Further reading

• bura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bura in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego/bura on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource ^pl

Romanian

Alternative forms

• бура (bura) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Etymology

Possibly a substrate word.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buˈra/
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

Verb

a bura (third-person singular present burează, past participle burat) 1st conj.

1. to drizzle

Conjugation

    conjugation of bura (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a bura
gerund			burând
past participle			burat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	burez	burezi	burează	burăm	burați	burează
	imperfect	buram	burai	bura	buram	burați	burau
	simple perfect	burai	burași	bură	burarăm	burarăți	burară
	pluperfect	burasem	buraseși	burase	buraserăm	buraserăți	buraseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să burez	să burezi	să bureze	să burăm	să burați	să bureze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		burează			burați
	negative		nu bura			nu burați

Derived terms

• burare

References

• Paliga, Sorin (2024) An Etymological Dictionary of the Romanian Language, New York: Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 206

Romansch

Alternative forms

• bora (Surmiran)

Noun

bura f (plural buras)

1. (sports, Sutsilvan) ball

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) balla

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *buřa, akin to Bulgarian and Russian буря (burja), Slovene burja, Slovak búrka and búrať (“to crush”). Non-Slavic cognates include Old Norse byrr (“fair wind”), Latin furō (“I rage, rave”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “to stir, palpitate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bûra/
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

Noun

bȕra f (Cyrillic spelling бу̏ра)

1. bora (wind)

   Bura jača.

   The bora is growing strong.

   Bura slabi.

   The bora is growing weak.

2. (figuratively) an event that causes much stir, passion and changes

   Njen dolazak je izazvao buru negodovanja.

   Her arrival caused a lot of disapproval.

Declension

Declension of bura

	singular	plural
nominative	bȕra	bure
genitive	bure	bȗrā
dative	buri	burama
accusative	buru	bure
vocative	buro	bure
locative	buri	burama
instrumental	burom	burama

Swedish

Etymology

bur (“cage”) +‎ -a

Verb

bura (present burar, preterite burade, supine burat, imperative bura)

1. Only used in bura in

Conjugation

Conjugation of bura (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	bura		buras
Supine	burat		burats
Imperative	bura		—
Imper. plural1	buren		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	burar	burade	buras	burades
Ind. plural1	bura	burade	buras	burades
Subjunctive2	bure	burade	bures	burades
	Participles
Present participle	burande
Past participle	burad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• bura in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish borrar (“to erase”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buˈɾa/, [bʊˈɾa]
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

burá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇ)

1. erasure

   Synonyms: payi, pawi, pahi

2. vociferous outburst of anger or displeasure

   Synonyms: takap, busa

Derived terms

• bumura
• burahan
• burahin
• mabura
• magbura
• pambura
• tagabura

 

Adjective

burá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇ)

1. erased; rubbed out

   Synonyms: pawi, katkat, payi, burado

Related terms

• burado

Etymology 2

See boda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuɾa/, [ˈbu.ɾɐ]
• Hyphenation: bu‧ra

Noun

bura (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇ)

1. (dialectal, Batangas) Alternative form of boda

Further reading

• “bura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بورا (bura), equivalent to bu +‎ -ra.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

bura (definite accusative burayı, plural buralar)

1. (colloquial) this place here.
   • 1965, Aziz Nesin, “Basbayağı Bir Kadri”, reprinted in Sosyalizm Geliyor Savulun, Nesin Yayıncılık, 2019, page 22:

     Hiç öyle bir namlı topçu, bura takımında oynamaya tenezzül eder mi?

     Would such a famous footballer deign to play on the local team?

Usage notes

Formerly in common use, this noun is used as such only colloquially in present-day Turkish, and then only to refer to places of lesser importance, like some backwoods town. Several of its inflected forms, however, are commonly used, mainly as adverbs.

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	bura
Definite accusative	burayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bura	buralar
Definite accusative	burayı	buraları
Dative	buraya	buralara
Locative	burada	buralarda
Ablative	buradan	buralardan
Genitive	buranın	buraların

Derived terms

• burada
• buralarda
• burası
• buraya

Yoruba

Etymology

From bú (“to insult, to hurl invectives”) +‎ ara (“body”), literally “to hurl invectives at one's self”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bú.ɾā/

Verb

búra

1. (transitive) to swear, to take an oath, to forswear

Derived terms

• búra-èké (“to perjure”)
• búrafún (“to conduct a formal oath”)
• ìbúra (“oath”)