دستور

Arabic

Etymology

From Persian دستور (dastur).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dus.tuːr/
  • (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /dɪsˈtuːr/, (proscribed) /dɪsˈtoːr/

Noun

دُسْتُور • (dustūr) m (plural دَسَاتِير (dasātīr))

1. (law, government) constitution
2. rule, guideline
3. set of rules
4. action rule
5. model

Declension

Declension of noun دُسْتُور (dustūr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُسْتُور dustūr	الدُّسْتُور ad-dustūr	دُسْتُور dustūr
Nominative	دُسْتُورٌ dustūrun	الدُّسْتُورُ ad-dustūru	دُسْتُورُ dustūru
Accusative	دُسْتُورًا dustūran	الدُّسْتُورَ ad-dustūra	دُسْتُورَ dustūra
Genitive	دُسْتُورٍ dustūrin	الدُّسْتُورِ ad-dustūri	دُسْتُورِ dustūri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُسْتُورَيْن dustūrayn	الدُّسْتُورَيْن ad-dustūrayn	دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray
Nominative	دُسْتُورَانِ dustūrāni	الدُّسْتُورَانِ ad-dustūrāni	دُسْتُورَا dustūrā
Accusative	دُسْتُورَيْنِ dustūrayni	الدُّسْتُورَيْنِ ad-dustūrayni	دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray
Genitive	دُسْتُورَيْنِ dustūrayni	الدُّسْتُورَيْنِ ad-dustūrayni	دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَسَاتِير dasātīr	الدَّسَاتِير ad-dasātīr	دَسَاتِير dasātīr
Nominative	دَسَاتِيرُ dasātīru	الدَّسَاتِيرُ ad-dasātīru	دَسَاتِيرُ dasātīru
Accusative	دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra	الدَّسَاتِيرَ ad-dasātīra	دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra
Genitive	دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra	الدَّسَاتِيرِ ad-dasātīri	دَسَاتِيرِ dasātīri

Derived terms

• دُسْتُورِيّ (dustūriyy, “constitutional”)

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
  • Turkish: düstur
• → Swahili: desturi

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دُسْتُور (dustūr), from Persian دستور (dastur).

Noun

دُسْتُور • (düstur)

1. (law) code (body of law)

Descendants

• Turkish: düstur

Persian

Etymology

Multiple origins have been proposed:

• From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
• From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
• Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [das.tuːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æs.t̪ʰuːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	dastūr
Dari reading?	dastūr
Iranian reading?	dastur
Tajik reading?	dastur

Noun

Dari	دستور
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дастур

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

1. command, order
2. method, manner, procedure, way
3. guideline, rule
4. permission, leave, authority
5. basis, foundation
6. model, example, exemplar
7. (law, government) constitution
8. (archaic) statesman, vizier
9. (linguistics) grammar (دستور زبان (dastur-e zabân))
10. (Zoroastrianism) dastur

Derived terms

• دستوری (dasturi)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
    • Turkish: düstur
  • → Swahili: desturi
• → Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)
• → English: dastur
• → Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

  Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

• → Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)
• → Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

  Northern Kurdish: destûr

• → Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
  • Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)
• → Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

Further reading

• “DASTŪR”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1994

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دستور (dastūr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əs.t̪uːɾ/
• Rhymes: -uːɾ

Noun

دَسْتُور • (dastūr) m (Hindi spelling दस्तूर)

1. command, order
2. constitution
3. guideline, rule
4. (Zoroastrianism) dastur