विश्

See also: वंश

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিশ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬰ᭄ (Balinese script)
• বিশ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰫𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀰𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိၐ် (Burmese script)
• વિશ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌶𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦯ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂬𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿಶ್ (Kannada script)
• វិឝ៑ (Khmer script)
• ວິຨ຺ (Lao script)
• വിശ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡧ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘫𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠱ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧋𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐱𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଵିଶ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢯ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆯𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖫𑖿 (Siddham script)
• විශ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩿 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚧𑚶 (Takri script)
• விஶ் (Tamil script)
• విశ్ (Telugu script)
• วิศฺ (Thai script)
• ཝི་ཤ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒬𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨮𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋíɕ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋiɕ/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wíćš

Sanskrit विश् (viś)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wíṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wíćš, from Proto-Indo-European *wiḱs (“village, household”).

Cognate with Latin vīcus, Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village, place”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯 (vīs), Albanian vis (“place, land, country”).

Noun

विश् • (víś) stem, f

1. settlement, house
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. community, people, tribe
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
3. wealth
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of विश् (víś)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विट् víṭ	विशौ / विशा¹ víśau / víśā¹	विशः víśaḥ
Vocative	विट् víṭ	विशौ / विशा¹ víśau / víśā¹	विशः víśaḥ
Accusative	विशम् víśam	विशौ / विशा¹ víśau / víśā¹	विशः víśaḥ
Instrumental	विशा viśā́	विड्भ्याम् viḍbhyā́m	विड्भिः viḍbhíḥ
Dative	विशे viśé	विड्भ्याम् viḍbhyā́m	विड्भ्यः viḍbhyáḥ
Ablative	विशः viśáḥ	विड्भ्याम् viḍbhyā́m	विड्भ्यः viḍbhyáḥ
Genitive	विशः viśáḥ	विशोः viśóḥ	विशाम् viśā́m
Locative	विशि viśí	विशोः viśóḥ	विक्षु vikṣú
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• विश्पति (viśpáti, “chief of a settlement or tribe”)
• विश्य (viśyà)
• वैश्य (váiśya)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“to settle”), related to Etymology 1.

Alternative forms

• वेश् (veś)

Root

विश् • (viś)

1. to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into, pervade
2. to be absorbed into
3. (astronomy) to come into conjunction with
4. (with अग्निम्, ज्वलनम् etc.) to enter the fire (i.e. ascend the funeral pyre)
5. (with अपस्) to sink or be immersed in the water
6. to enter (a house etc.)
7. to appear (on the stage)
8. to go home or to rest
9. to sit down upon
10. to resort or betake one's self to
11. (of rivers and armies etc.) to flow into (and join with)
12. to flow or redound to, fall to the share of
13. to occur to (as a thought)
14. to befall, come to (as death)
15. to belong to, exist for
16. to fall or get into any state or condition
17. to enter upon, undertake, begin
18. to mind (any business), attend to

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root विश् (1 c, 10 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root विश् (11 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• विशति (viśáti, Present)
• वेक्ष्यति (vekṣyáti, Future)
• वेष्टा (veṣṭā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अविक्षत् (ávikṣat, Aorist)
• अविष्ट (áviṣṭa, Aorist)
• अवेशीत् (áveśīt, Aorist)
• विश्यात् (viśyāt, Benedictive)
• विवेश (vivéśa, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• विश्यते (viśyate, Passive)
• अवेशि (áveśi, Passive Aorist)
• वेशयति (veśáyati, Causative)
• अवीविशत् (ávīviśat, Causative Aorist)
• वेश्यते (veśyate, Passive of Causative)
• विविक्षति (vivikṣati, Desiderative)
• वेविश्यते (veviśyate, Intensive)
• वेवेष्टि (veveṣṭi, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• विष्ट (viṣṭá, Past Participle)
• वेष्टुम् (veṣṭum, Infinitive)
• वेष्टवै (veṣṭavai, Infinitive)
• विशम् (víśam, Infinitive)
• विश्य (víśya, Gerund)
• वेष्टव्य (veṣṭavya, Gerundive)
• वेशयितव्य (veśayitavya, Causative Gerundive)
• विविक्षु (vivikṣu, Desiderative Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• विश् (víś)
• विशन (viśana)
• वेश (veśá)
• वेशन (véśana)
• वेशस् (veśás)
• वेशिन् (veśin)
• वेश्मन् (véśman)

Prefixed Root Forms

• अनुविश् (anuviś)
• आविश् (āviś)
• उपविश् (upaviś)
• निर्विश् (nirviś)
• निविश् (niviś)
• परिविश् (pariviś)
• प्रविश् (praviś)
• संविश् (saṃviś)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “विश्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 989, columns 1-2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “viś”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 561; 584