View source for 兄

{{also|只}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=5}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=10|rad=儿|as=03|sn=5|four=60210|canj=RHU|ids=⿱口儿}}

====Derived characters====
* {{lang-lite|mul|[[兌]], [[兑]], [[況]]([[况]]), [[祝]], [[呪]], [[柷]], [[貺]]([[贶]]), [[㚾]], [[眖]], [[𤔓]], [[𪺎]], [[怳]], [[㫛]], [[𰃋]], [[𣅷]], [[𣍦]], [[炾]], [[𦬺]], [[岲]], [[𡶢]], [[𠩣]], [[𪾍]], [[軦]], [[𭀢]], [[𬞁]], [[𮞈]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0123.090|dkj=01343|dj=0259.030|hdz=10266.040|uh=5144}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|alt=㑆,𬆁}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|口|儿|ls=ic}}.

===Etymology===
From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*maŋ||big; old; elder (brother, uncle)}} ({{zh-ref|Sagart, 1999}}; STEDT). Related to {{och-l|孟|great; eldest brother; first}}; see there for more.

{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}}, instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese {{m|und|*ʔwyik||elder sibling}}, which is from {{der|zh|sit-pro|*ʔik||elder brother}}.

Alternatively, {{zh-ref|Benedict (1972)}} relates it to {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ||(paternal) uncle; elder brother}}, which is possibly also related to {{och-l|伯|paternal uncle; eldest brother}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=xiōng
|m-s=xiong1
|c=hing1
|h=pfs=hiûng;gd=hiung1
|mn=hiaⁿ/heng
|mn_note=hiaⁿ - vernacular; heng - literary
|mn-t=hian1
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=Zh-xiōng.oga
|cat=n
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[elder brother]]
# [[elder]] [[male]] [[cousin]]
#: {{zh-x|堂兄|father’s brother’s son older than oneself}}
# [[brother]] {{gl|male friend of the same generation}}
# {{lb|zh|Hokkien|familiar}} {{n-g|[[respectful]] [[honorific]] used [[after]] a name for an [[elder]] [[brother]] or any [[male]] [[senior]]}}: [[Mister]]; [[Brother]]

====Synonyms====
* {{s|elder brother}}
{{zh-dial|哥哥}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|兄弟|兄弟鬩牆|兄嫂|兄臺|兄長|襟兄|如兄|仁兄|姻兄|吾兄|兄友弟恭|兄妹|師兄弟|兄肥弟瘦|兄弟共妻|婦兄|伯兄|如兄如弟|內兄弟|宗兄|年兄|內兄|女兄|從兄弟|尊兄|世兄|弟兄|兄弟會|嫡親兄弟|巒兄巒弟|師兄|孿生兄弟|呼兄喚弟|小兄弟|小兄|從兄|大師兄|家兄|孔方兄|兄終弟及|如兄弟|好兄弟|令兄|夫兄弟|大兄<tr:tōa-hiaⁿ>|堂兄弟|堂兄|姻兄弟|同胞兄弟|兄死弟及|拜把兄弟|換帖兄弟|盟兄弟|生死弟兄|父兄|族兄弟|法兄|硯兄|把兄弟|房分兄弟|異母兄弟|稱兄道弟|母兄|阿兄|酒肉兄弟|蒼吾讓兄|表兄弟|胞兄弟|難兄難弟|表兄|萊特兄弟|老兄|老兄弟|至親兄弟|香火兄弟|胞兄|結拜兄弟|長兄|遠兄弟|譜兄弟|義兄|nan:烏狗兄<tr:o͘-káu-hiaⁿ>}}

===Descendants===
* {{desc|bor=1|lo|ເຮຍ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|th|เฮีย}}

{{cat|cmn|Advanced Mandarin}}
{{C|zh|Male family members}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=2|rs=儿03}}

# [[elder]]/[[older]] [[brother]]
# {{n-g|honorific referencing an [[older]] [[brother]] [[figure]]}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=きょう<きやう<くゐやう
|kanon=けい<けい<くゑい
|toon=ひん
|kun=あに-, にい-, にい-さん, え-<え-<𛀁-, せ-
|nanori=えだ<えだ<𛀁だ, これ, さき, しげ, ただ, ね, よし
}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
* {{ja-r|兄%弟|きょう%だい}}
* {{ja-r|兄%姉|けい%し}}
* {{ja-r|兄%事|けい%じ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%弟|けい%てい}}
* {{ja-r|兄%妹|けい%まい}}
* {{ja-r|阿%兄|あ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|家%兄|か%けい}}
* {{ja-r|花%兄|か%けい}}
* {{ja-r|雅%兄|が%けい}}
* {{ja-r|学%兄|がっ%けい}}, {{ja-r|学%兄|がく%けい}}
* {{ja-r|貴%兄|き%けい}}
* {{ja-r|義%兄|ぎ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|愚%兄|ぐ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|賢%兄|けん%けい}}
* {{ja-r|孔%方%兄|こう%ほう%ひん}}
* {{ja-r|吾%兄|ご%けい}}
* {{ja-r|次%兄|じ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|詞%兄|し%けい}}
* {{ja-r|実%兄|じっ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|舎%兄|しゃ%けい}}, {{ja-r|舎%兄|しゃ%きょう}}
* {{ja-r|従%兄|じゅう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|諸%兄|しょ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|新%兄|しん%きょう}}
* {{ja-r|仁%兄|じん%けい}}
* {{ja-r|尊%兄|そん%けい}}
* {{ja-r|大%兄|たい%けい}}
* {{ja-r|仲%兄|ちゅう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|長%兄|ちょう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|伯%兄|はっ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|父%兄|ふ%けい}}
* {{ja-r|亡%兄|ぼう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|盟%兄|めい%けい}}
* {{ja-r|令%兄|れい%けい}}
* {{ja-r|老%兄|ろう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|師兄|すひん}}
* {{ja-r|兄鷂|このり}}
* {{ja-r|兄鷹|しょう}}
* {{ja-r|兄矢|はや}}
* {{ja-r|御%兄|お%にい}}
* {{ja-r|従兄弟|いとこ}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|あに|yomi=k}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=あに|-}} of unclear derivation:
* Probably originally a compound of {{compound|ja|吾|tr1=a|pos1=Eastern Old Japanese first-person pronoun|の|tr2=no|pos2=possessive particle|兄|tr3=ye → e|t3=[[eldest]] [[sibling]]|pos3=see below}}:<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>
*: {{IPAfont|⟨a no<sub>2</sub> ye⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/anʉʲɨe/}} → {{IPAchar|/ani/}}
* Alternatively, an [[apophony|apophonic]] form of {{m|ja|姉|tr=ane||[[elder]] [[sister]]}}, itself possibly from the same derivation above.<ref>{{cite-book|ja|year=1929|author=Matsuoka Shizuo|title=ja:日本古語大辞典|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1145583 |page=56|passage=之からアニといふ語が分派した|translation=The word ''ani'' developed from this|section=アネ（姉）|trans-title=Comprehensive Dictionary of Archaic Japanese}}</ref>
* Several other theories have also been suggested.<ref name="KDJ"/>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|あに|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|あに}}

# [[elder]] [[brother]]
# elder [[brother-in-law]]
#: {{syn|ja|義兄|tr=gikei}}
# {{short for|ja|花の兄|tr=hana no ani|nodot=1}}: alternative name for the {{m|ja|梅|tr=[[ume]]}}, the [[Japanese plum]] ({{taxfmt|Prunus mume|species}})

=====Usage notes=====
* {{sense|elder brother}} This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations and is often used in objective narrations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like {{ja-r|お兄さん|おにいさん}} are preferred.

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{ja-r|姉|あね|elder sister}}
* {{ja-r|弟|おとうと|younger brother}}
* {{ja-r|妹|いもうと|younger sister}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|兄い|あにい}}
* {{ja-r|兄さん|あに-さん}}
** {{ja-r|兄%様|にい%-さま}} → {{ja-r|兄さん|にい-さん}}
* {{ja-r|兄%上|あに%うえ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%貴|あに%き}}
* {{ja-r|兄%君|あに%ぎみ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%御|あに%ご}}, {{ja-r|兄%御前|あに%ごぜ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%者%人|あに% じゃ% ひと}},{{ja-r|兄者|あにじゃ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%弟子|あに%でし}}
* {{ja-r|兄%分|あに%ぶん}}
* {{ja-r|兄%嫁|あに%よめ|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|嫂|あによね}}
* {{ja-r|花の兄|はな の あに}}
* {{ja-r|継%兄|まま%あに|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|庶%兄|まま%あに}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|けい|yomi=kanon}}
{{IPAfont|*/kwæi/}} → {{IPAchar|/kʷæi/}} → {{IPAchar|/keː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=けい|-}} {{ltc-l|兄}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|けい|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}
* Pitch accent for suffix unknown.

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|けい}}

# {{lb|ja|rare}} an [[elder]] [[brother]]
#: {{cot|ja|弟|tr=tei}}

=====Idioms=====
* {{ja-r|兄たり難く弟たり難し|けい たりがたく てい たりがたし}}

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|けい}}

# ''pronoun referencing an [[older]] [[brother]] [[figure]]'': [[you]], [[he]]

====Suffix====
{{ja-pos|suffix|けい}}

# ''attaches to a name referencing an [[older]] [[brother]] [[figure]]'': [[Mister]], [[Mr.]]

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|え|yomi=k}}
{{IPAchar|/je/}} → {{IPAchar|/e/}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=|-}}.

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|え}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=え}} the [[eldest]] [[sibling]]
#: {{ant|ja|弟|tr=oto}}
#* {{RQ:Kojiki|poem 16}}, text [http://rcjll.orient.ox.ac.uk/texts/KK.16.html here]
#*: {{ja-usex|m=加都賀都母 伊夜佐岐陀弖流 '''延'''袁斯麻加牟|m_kana=かつがつも いやさきだてる '''𛀁'''をしまかむ|[[且つ且つ|かつがつ]]もいや先%立てる'''兄'''をし枕かむ|かつがつ も いや さき%だてる '''え''' を し まかむ|If I have to choose, the one standing there in front―the '''eldest one''' I'll wed.<ref>{{cite-book|year=1998|author=Edwin A. Cranston|title=The Gem-Glistening Cup|series=Volume 1 of A Waka Anthology|edition=illustrated, reprint|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=0-8047-3157-8|page=17}}</ref>}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|兄%猾|^え%うかし}}
* {{ja-r|兄磯城|^えしき}}
* {{ja-r|枝|えだ|[[branch]]}}
* {{ja-r|兄%鼓|え%つづみ}}
* {{ja-r|干支|えと}}
* {{ja-r|兄%姫|え%ひめ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%方|え%ほう}}
* {{ja-r|姉|あね|[[elder]] [[sister]]}}
* {{ja-r|大%兄|おお%え}}
* {{ja-r|弟%兄|おとと%い}}, {{ja-r|弟%兄|おとと%え}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
{{ja-kanjitab|せ|yomi=k}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=|-}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{ja-l|夫}}, {{ja-l|背}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|せ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=え}} a [[woman]]'s [[brother]] {{gl|regardless of age difference}}
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=え}} a [[woman]]'s [[lover]] or [[husband]]
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=え}} a [[familiar]] [[man]]

=====Antonyms=====
* {{ja-r|妹|いも}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|兄%子|せ%こ}}
* {{ja-r|兄な|せな}}, {{ja-r|兄なあ|せなあ}}
* {{ja-r|兄の君|せ の きみ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%山|せ%やま}}
* {{ja-r|兄人|しょうと}}, {{ja-r|兄%人|せ%うと}}
* {{ja-r|兄ろ|せろ}}
* {{ja-r|吾%兄|あ%せ}}
* {{ja-r|妹%兄|いも%せ}}
* {{ja-r|いろせ}}
* {{ja-r|汝%兄|な%せ}}
* {{ja-r|継%兄|まま%せ}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 5===
{{ja-kanjitab|このかみ|yomi=k}}
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=|-}}.

Originally a compound of {{compound|ja|子|tr1=ko|t1=[[child]]|の|tr2=no|pos2=possessive particle|上|tr3=kami|t3=[[upper]]}}.<ref name="DJR"/><ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref>

====Alternative forms====
* {{ja-l|首}}, {{ja-l|氏上}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|このかみ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic}} [[eldest]] [[son]]
#: {{syn|ja|長兄|tr=chōkei|長男|tr2=chōnan}}
# {{lb|ja|archaic}} a [[senior]]
#: {{syn|ja|年長者|tr=nenchōsha}}
# {{lb|ja|archaic}} {{lb|ja|by extension}} an [[elder]] [[sibling]]
# {{lb|ja|archaic}} the [[head]] of a [[clan]]
# {{lb|ja|archaic}} a [[skilled]] [[craftsman]]
#: {{syn|ja|頭|tr=kashira}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|兄%心|このかみ%-ごころ}}
* {{ja-r|兄%部|このこう%べ}}

===References===
<references/>

{{C|ja|Family|sort=あに}}

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|sort=형|-}} {{ltc-l|兄}}.
{{hanja-ety
|dk={{okm-l|ᄒᆑᇰ|hyyèng|link=no}}
|m={{okm-l|혀ᇰ|hyèng}}
|mh={{okm-l|ᄆᆞᆮ|mòt}}
|ml=天倫#상32A
}}

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-hanja-pron|형}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|형|형}}

# {{hanja form of|형|[[older]] [[brother]] of a [[male]]|noun}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|매형|妹兄}}
* {{ko-l|형부|兄夫}}
* {{ko-l|형제|兄弟}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|633}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=huynh|rs=儿03}}

# {{rfdef|vi}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|vi
|{{vi-l|兄弟|huynh đệ|}}
|{{vi-l|父兄|phụ huynh|}}
|{{vi-l|師兄|sư huynh|}}
}}