堝

See also: 埚

Translingual

Han character

堝 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月月口 (GBBR), four-corner 4712₇, composition ⿰土咼)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5247
• Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 1
• Unihan data for U+581D

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Chinese

trad.		堝
simp.		埚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
碢	*l'oːl
腡	*ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl
過	*kloːl, *kloːls
渦	*kloːl, *qloːl
鍋	*kloːl
楇	*kloːl, *ɡloːls
瘑	*kloːl
緺	*koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝	*kloːl
濄	*kloːl, *qloːl
鐹	*kloːlʔ, *kloːls
薖	*kʰloːl
簻	*kʰloːl, *kr'oːl
禍	*ɡloːlʔ
窩	*qloːl
萵	*qloːl
檛	*kr'oːl
膼	*kr'oːl
蝸	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
媧	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
騧	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
冎	*kroːlʔ
剮	*kroːlʔ
諣	*qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls
歄	*kʷroːl
咼	*kʰʷroːl
喎	*kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guō (guo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guō
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guo
    • Wade–Giles: kuo¹
    • Yale: gwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwa

Rime
Character	堝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禾切
Baxter	kwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa/
Li Rong	/kuɑ/
Wang Li	/kuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堝
Reading #	1/1
No.	4368
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	戈
Old Chinese	/*kloːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堝

1. crucible

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wō, guō (wo¹, guo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛ, ㄍㄨㄛ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wō
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wo
    • Wade–Giles: wo¹
    • Yale: wō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uo
    • Palladius: во (vo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guō
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guo
    • Wade–Giles: kuo¹
    • Yale: gwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堝

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “堝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

堝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: か (ka)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: るつぼ (rutsubo)

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Korean

Hanja

堝 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 堝 (qua)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation