幸い
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
幸 |
さいわ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/
Derived from sakiwai below.[1][2]
More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Adjective
幸い • (saiwai) ←さいはひ (saifafi)?-na (adnominal 幸いな (saiwai na), adverbial 幸いに (saiwai ni))
- very fortunate and happy, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
- favorable, ideal (often used in polite constructions)
- お返事をいただければ幸いです。
- Ohenji o itadakereba saiwai desu.
- It would be favorable if I could have your reply. → I would greatly appreciate your reply.
- お返事をいただければ幸いです。
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 幸いだろ | さいわいだろ | saiwai daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 幸いで | さいわいで | saiwai de |
Terminal (終止形) | 幸いだ | さいわいだ | saiwai da |
Attributive (連体形) | 幸いな | さいわいな | saiwai na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 幸いなら | さいわいなら | saiwai nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 幸いであれ | さいわいであれ | saiwai de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 幸いではない 幸いじゃない |
さいわいではない さいわいじゃない |
saiwai de wa nai saiwai ja nai |
Informal past | 幸いだった | さいわいだった | saiwai datta |
Informal negative past | 幸いではなかった 幸いじゃなかった |
さいわいではなかった さいわいじゃなかった |
saiwai de wa nakatta saiwai ja nakatta |
Formal | 幸いです | さいわいです | saiwai desu |
Formal negative | 幸いではありません 幸いじゃありません |
さいわいではありません さいわいじゃありません |
saiwai de wa arimasen saiwai ja arimasen |
Formal past | 幸いでした | さいわいでした | saiwai deshita |
Formal negative past | 幸いではありませんでした 幸いじゃありませんでした |
さいわいではありませんでした さいわいじゃありませんでした |
saiwai de wa arimasen deshita saiwai ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 幸いで | さいわいで | saiwai de |
Conditional | 幸いなら(ば) | さいわいなら(ば) | saiwai nara (ba) |
Provisional | 幸いだったら | さいわいだったら | saiwai dattara |
Volitional | 幸いだろう | さいわいだろう | saiwai darō |
Adverbial | 幸いに | さいわいに | saiwai ni |
Degree | 幸いさ | さいわいさ | saiwaisa |
Adverb
幸い • (saiwai) ←さいはひ (saifafi)?
- fortunately, luckily, happily
- 幸、怪我はなかった。
- Saiwai, kega wa nakatta.
- Luckily, no one was hurt.
- 幸、怪我はなかった。
Usage notes
When used as an adverb without a particle, this term usually comes at the start of the sentence. It also appears used with advervial particles に (ni) and と (to), or, perhaps more commonly, in an adverbial construction as 幸なことに.
Noun
幸い • (saiwai) ←さいはひ (saifafi)?
- very good fortune and happiness, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
- an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
- (derivation unknown) the tail and back fins of a carp or other fish, as used in cooking
Synonyms
- (favorable occurrence): 幸せ (shiawase)
- (happiness): 幸せ (shiawase), 幸福 (kōfuku)
- (fish tail and back fins): 尾鰭 (ohire)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
幸 |
さきわ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸う (sakiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸 (saki, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[1]
More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
幸い • (sakiwai) ←さきはひ (sakifafi)?
Usage notes
Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above.
Synonyms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
幸 |
さちわ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
/sat͡ɕipapi/ → /sat͡ɕiɸaɸi/ → /sat͡ɕiwahi/ → /sat͡ɕiwai/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸う (sachiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸 (sachi, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[1]
More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
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Noun
幸い • (sachiwai) ←さちはひ (satifafi)?
- (obsolete, rare) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
- (obsolete, rare) good luck or good fortune itself
Usage notes
Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above. In historical Japanese, sachiwai appears to be a rarer variant of sakiwai above.
Synonyms
References
- Japanese terms spelled with 幸 read as さいわ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with 幸 read as さきわ
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 幸 read as さちわ
- Japanese terms with rare senses