抗

Translingual

Han character

抗 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手卜竹弓 (QYHN), four-corner 5001₇, composition ⿰扌亢)

1. resist, oppose, defy, reject

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11889
• Dae Jaweon: page 769, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1843, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6297

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		抗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笐	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢	*kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨	*kaːŋ
苀	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒	*kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟	*kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼	*kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯	*kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕	*kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉	*kʰaːŋs
閌	*kʰaːŋs
犺	*kʰaːŋs
蚢	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬	*kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏	*kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航	*ɡaːŋ
杭	*ɡaːŋ
沆	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮	*ɡaːŋ
吭	*ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔	*kraːŋ
坑	*kʰraːŋ
劥	*kʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàng (kang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kong³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kong⁴

• Northern Min (KCR): kǎng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kang³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang⁴
    • Yale: kàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kong³
    • Yale: kong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khong
    • Hakka Romanization System: kong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
    • Tâi-lô: khòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 抗
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kʰaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/kʰaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/kʰaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kʰɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kʰɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kʰaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/kʰaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/kʰã̠¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kʰɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰɒ̃¹¹/ ～不住 /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/ 抵～
	Pingyao	/kʰɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰɑ̃³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰɑ̃⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/kʰɑŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰuɔ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰa³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/kʰau⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰan⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/kʰɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰoŋ⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɔŋ³³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɔŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰɔŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɔuŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xaŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hang, khangH

Rime
Character	抗	抗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡郎切	苦浪切
Baxter	hang	khangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaŋ/	/kʰaŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑŋ/	/kʰɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	háng	kàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong4	hong3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤaŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/, /*ɡaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	抗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kàng
Middle Chinese	‹ khangH ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁaŋ-s/
English	set up; oppose; protect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	抗	抗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7365	7388
Phonetic component	亢	亢
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	抗	航
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːŋs/	/*ɡaːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 抗

1. to resist, to oppose

   抗日戰爭／抗日战争  ―  kàngrì zhànzhēng  ―  "War of Resistance Against Japan" (the Second Sino-Japanese War)

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Japanese

Kanji

抗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. fight against
2. meet head on
3. contravene
4. to disagree with

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}; ごう (gō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: あらがう (aragau, 抗う); ふせぐ (fusegu, 抗ぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

抗 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 抗 (kháng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.