拱

Translingual

Han character

拱 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手廿金 (QTC), four-corner 5408₁, composition ⿰扌共)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11994
• Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1867, character 2
• Unihan data for U+62F1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		拱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒng (gong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kióng / kéng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
    • Wade–Giles: kung³
    • Yale: gǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung²
    • Yale: gúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng
    • Tâi-lô: kióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiorng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• kióng - literary;
• kéng - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: kjowngX

Rime
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居悚切
Baxter	kjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋX/
Li Rong	/kioŋX/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)oŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)oŋʔ/
English	join the hands
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4172
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拱
Old Chinese	/*kloŋʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 拱

1. fold hands on breast
2. bow, salute
3. to surround

   眾星拱月／众星拱月  ―  zhòngxīnggǒngyuè  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

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Japanese

Kanji

拱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. arch
2. fold arms

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: こまぬく (komanuku, 拱く); こまねく (komaneku, 拱く)

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Korean

Hanja

拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)

1. fold hands on breast
2. bow, salute

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 拱 (cõng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.