故障

Chinese

		happening; instance; reason happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old	to block; to hinder; to obstruct
simp. and trad. (故障)		故	障

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gùzhàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄓㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³ zoeng³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-chong
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘-chiong / kò͘-chiòng / kò͘-chiàng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu³ ziang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁵ku-tsaon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gùzhàng → gùzhang (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄓㄤˋ → ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gùjhång
    • Wade–Giles: ku⁴-chang⁵
    • Yale: gù-jang
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh.janq
    • Palladius: гучжан (gučžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/ → /ku⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu³ zoeng³
    • Yale: gu jeung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu³ dzoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu³ zêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³ t͡ʃœːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-chong
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu zong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu⁴ zong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiong
    • Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: korciofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiòng
    • Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: korcioxng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiàng
    • Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: korciaxng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gu³ ziang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù tsiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ku-tsaon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ²ku-tsaan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³ t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

Noun

故障

1. breakdown; malfunction; fault; failure (of a mechanical or electronic device)

   出故障  ―  chū gùzhàng  ―  to breakdown

   技術故障／技术故障  ―  jìshù gùzhàng  ―  technical fault

   引擎故障  ―  yǐnqíng gùzhàng  ―  engine failure

   我的車出故障了。／我的车出故障了。  ―  Wǒ de chē chū gùzhàng le.  ―  My car has broken down.

2. (figurative) obstacle; hitch
3. (computing) bug

Synonyms

• (obstacle):

• 壁壘／壁垒 (bìlěi) (figurative)
• 壁障 (bìzhàng) (literal, figurative)
• 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
• 攔路虎／拦路虎 (lánlùhǔ) (figurative)
• 絆腳石／绊脚石 (bànjiǎoshí) (figurative)
• 蔽障 (bìzhàng) (literal, figurative)
• 釘子／钉子 (dīngzi) (figurative)
• 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ) (figurative)
• 障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)
• 障礙物／障碍物 (zhàng'àiwù) (literal, figurative)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (故障):

• → Japanese: 故(こ)障(しょう) (koshō)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
故	障
こ Grade: 5	しょう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こしょー [kòshóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕo̞ː]

Noun

故(こ)障(しょう) • (koshō) ^{←こしやう (kosyau)?}

1. break, break down, have a fault, go out of order

Verb

故(こ)障(しょう)する • (koshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 故(こ)障(しょう)し (koshō shi), past 故(こ)障(しょう)した (koshō shita))

1. break, break down, have a fault

Conjugation

Conjugation of "故障する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	故障し	こしょうし	koshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	故障し	こしょうし	koshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	故障する	こしょうする	koshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	故障する	こしょうする	koshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	故障すれ	こしょうすれ	koshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	故障せよ¹ 故障しろ²	こしょうせよ¹ こしょうしろ²	koshō seyo¹ koshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	故障される	こしょうされる	koshō sareru
Causative	故障させる 故障さす	こしょうさせる こしょうさす	koshō saseru koshō sasu
Potential	故障できる	こしょうできる	koshō dekiru
Volitional	故障しよう	こしょうしよう	koshō shiyō
Negative	故障しない	こしょうしない	koshō shinai
Negative continuative	故障せず	こしょうせず	koshō sezu
Formal	故障します	こしょうします	koshō shimasu
Perfective	故障した	こしょうした	koshō shita
Conjunctive	故障して	こしょうして	koshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	故障すれば	こしょうすれば	koshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
故	障

Noun

故障 • (gojang) (hangeul 고장)

1. Hanja form^? of 고장 (“mechanical breakdown”).