斬

See also: 斩 and 䡊

Translingual

Han character

斬 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹一中 (JJHML), four-corner 5202₁, composition ⿰車斤)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13555
• Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2024, character 10
• Unihan data for U+65AC

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Chinese

trad.		斬
simp.		斩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	*zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	*zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	*zeːm, *zaːm
嶃	*zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	*ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	*zam, *zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǎn (zhan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chám
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chám / cháⁿ / chàm / chām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chan³
    • Yale: jǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaam²
    • Yale: jáam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chám
    • Hakka Romanization System: zam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zam³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chám
    • Tâi-lô: tsám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zarm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sam⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvar
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sã⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sã⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàm
    • Tâi-lô: tsàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaxm
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
    • Tâi-lô: tsām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zam
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam⁵²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 斬
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡san¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡sã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡san⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡san⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡san⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡san⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂã̠⁵³³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡sɑŋ⁵³/ /t͡sɑ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡se̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡sɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡san⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡san⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡san²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sam³¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sam³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛm³⁵/ /t͡sam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡saŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡saŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰam⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tam²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsreamX

Rime
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側減切
Baxter	tsreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæmX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨmX/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɐmX/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ramʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛmX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ramʔ/
English	cut off
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斬
Reading #	1/1
No.	16796
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	斬
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːmʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 斬

1. to cut; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully)

   學斬叉燒／学斩叉烧 [Cantonese]  ―  hok⁶ zaam² caa¹ siu¹ [Jyutping]  ―  learn how to cut char siu

2. to behead

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Japanese

Kanji

斬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. beheading
2. kill, cut
3. murder

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
• Kun: きる (kiru, 斬る, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 斬 (trảm, chém)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.