焦

See also: 焳

Translingual

Han character

焦 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人土火 (OGF), four-corner 2033₁, composition ⿱隹灬)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 674, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19119
• Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2212, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7126

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		焦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 焦
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (焦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
癄	*ʔsrews
焦	*ʔsew
蕉	*ʔsew
鷦	*ʔsew
僬	*ʔsew, *ʔsews, *zew
噍	*ʔsew, *zews
膲	*ʔsew
鐎	*ʔsew, *zew
蟭	*ʔsew
燋	*ʔsew, *ʔsewɢ
醮	*ʔsews
潐	*ʔsews
趭	*ʔsews, *zews, *lews
樵	*zew
譙	*zew
憔	*zew
劁	*zew, *zews
顦	*zew
嶕	*zew
撨	*zew, *seːw
穛	*ʔsreːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 火 (“fire”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
• Northern Min (KCR): ciáu
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕu / dă
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiau / chau / ta / na

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziao¹ / ziou¹ / da¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹
    • Yale: jyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
    • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ziu¹
    • Yale: jīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dziu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ceuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ceu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciáu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕu / dă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/, /ta⁵⁵/

Note:

• ciĕu - literary;
• dă - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
    • Tâi-lô: tsiau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
    • Tâi-lô: tsau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
    • Tâi-lô: ta
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ta³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: na
    • Tâi-lô: na
    • Phofsit Daibuun: naf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã⁴⁴/

Note:

• chiau/chau - literary;
• ta - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ziao¹ / ziou¹ / da¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiau / tsiou / ta
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau³³/, /t͡siou³³/, /ta³³/

Note:

• ziao1 - Shantou;
• ziou1 - Chaozhou;
• da1 - dry (also written as 灱).

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• Middle Chinese: tsjew

Rime
Character	焦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	即消切
Baxter	tsjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siaw/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛu/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*S.tew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	焦	焦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjew ›	‹ tsjew ›
Old Chinese	/*S.tew/	/*S.tew/
English	burn, scorch	Jiao (place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	焦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6341
Phonetic component	焦
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	焦
Old Chinese	/*ʔsew/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 焦

1. burned; scorched
2. coke (solid fuel)
3. anxious; vexed
4. (traditional Chinese medicine) burner
5. (physics) Short for 焦耳 (jiāo'ěr, “joule (energy unit)”).
6. a surname

Synonyms

• (burned): (Cantonese) 燶

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Japanese

Kanji

焦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. clear
2. hurry

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kun: こげる (kogeru, 焦げる, Jōyō); あせる (aseru, 焦る, Jōyō); こがれる (kogareru, 焦がれる, Jōyō); こがす (kogasu, 焦がす, Jōyō); じれる (jireru, 焦れる); じらす (jirasu, 焦らす)

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Korean

Hanja

焦 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 焦 (tiêu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.