燕

See also: 鷰

Translingual

Han character

燕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 4433₁, composition ⿳廿⿴北口灬)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 683, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
• Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2239, character 6
• Unihan data for U+71D5

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Chinese

trad.		燕
simp. #		燕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 燕
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (燕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
燕	*qeːn, *qeːns
驠	*qeːn, *qeːns
嬿	*qeːnʔ, *qeːns
鷰	*qeːns
醼	*qeːns
讌	*qeːns
嚥	*qeːns
酀	*qeːns

Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yān (Yan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): iĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ian

  (Teochew, Peng'im): in³ / iang³ / iêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yān
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yan
    • Wade–Giles: Yen¹
    • Yale: Yān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ian
    • Palladius: Янь (Janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin¹
    • Yale: yīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
    • Tâi-lô: ian
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: in³ / iang³ / iêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ìⁿ / iàng / ièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩ²¹³/, /iaŋ²¹³/, /ieŋ²¹³/

Note:

• in3 - vernacular;
• iang3 (Shantou)/iêng3 (Chaozhou) - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: 'en

Rime
Character	燕
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	烏前切
Baxter	'en
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔen/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔen/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɛn/
Li Rong	/ʔen/
Wang Li	/ien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qeːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燕
Reading #	1/2
No.	14440
Phonetic component	燕
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	煙
Old Chinese	/*qeːn/

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 燕

1. (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
2. (historical) Ji, its capital; Yanjing; other later cities in the same area, including Beijing
3. (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
4. a surname

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 燕

1. A swallow (family Hirundinidae) or swift (family Apodidae).

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Japanese

Kanji

燕

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. swallow

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en)
• Kan-on: えん (en)
• Kun: つばめ (tsubame, 燕); つばくら (tsubakura, 燕); つばくろ (tsubakuro, 燕)

Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term
燕
つばくらめ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

• (Tokyo) つばくらめ [tsùbákúꜜràmè] (Nakadaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) つばくらめ [tsùbákúráꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [4])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨba̠kɯ̟ɾa̠me̞]

Noun

燕(つばくらめ) • (tsubakurame) 

1. a swallow (bird)
   • c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 11)

     「[...] 石上の中納言には、燕（つばくらめ）の持たる子安のかい、ひとつ取りて賜へ」

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 29:

     是我邦所謂豆波久良米也

Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term
燕
つばめ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Wikispecies

Noun

燕(つばめ) or 燕(ツバメ) • (tsubame) 

1. a barn swallow

Derived terms

• 雨(アマ)燕(ツバメ) (amatsubame)

Proper noun

燕(つばめ) or 燕(proper) • (tsubame or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|つはめ]]

1. a place name, such as that of Tsubame City in Niigata Prefecture

References

• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja

燕 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 燕 (yến, én, yên, nhạn, hiên)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.