製

See also: 制

Translingual

Han character

製 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓卜竹女 (HNYHV), four-corner 2273₂, composition ⿱制衣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1119, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34380
• Dae Jaweon: page 1586, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3095, character 12
• Unihan data for U+88FD

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Chinese

trad.		製
simp.		制*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
制	*kjeds
淛	*kjeds
製	*kjeds
掣	*kʰjeds, *kʰjed
痸	*kʰjeds
猘	*kreds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjeds) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chè / chì

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zai³
    • Yale: jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
    • Tâi-lô: tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zex
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì
    • Tâi-lô: tsì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyejH

Rime
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	征例切
Baxter	tsyejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛiH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyejH ›
Old Chinese	/*tet-s/
English	cut out (a garment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
No.	17379
Phonetic component	制
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	制
Old Chinese	/*kjeds/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 製

1. to make; to manufacture
2. to produce

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

製

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せ (se)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: たつ (tatsu, 製つ); つくる (tsukuru, 製る)

Compounds

Compounds

• 自家製(じかせい) (jikasei): home-made
• 製作(せいさく) (seisaku): manufacture, production
• 製造(せいぞう) (seizō): manufacturing
• 製品(せいひん) (seihin): product, manufactured good
• 石製(せきせい) (sekisei): stonen
• 銅製(どうせい) (dōsei): coppern
• 和製(わせい) (wasei): Japanese-made

Kanji in this term
製
せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 製／制 (tsyej^H).

Noun

製(せい) • (sei) 

1. make

Suffix

製(せい) or 製(suffix) • (sei or suffix) [[Category:Japanese
|せい]]

1. -made

   日本(にほん)製(せい)

   Nihon-sei

   made in Japan

2. made of

   木(もく)製(せい)

   mokusei

   made of wood, wooden

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Korean

Hanja

製 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 製 (chế, chẽ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.