貶

See also: 贬

Translingual

Etymology

貝 (possessions) + 乏 (to frame), to hold or to choke

Han character

貶 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月金竹戈人 (BCHIO), four-corner 6283₇, composition ⿰貝乏)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1206, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36707
• Dae Jaweon: page 1669, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3628, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8CB6

---

Chinese

trad.		貶
simp.		贬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
砭	*prom, *proms
貶	*promʔ
窆	*proms
泛	*pʰoms, *bob
姂	*pʰoms, *bob, *kpʰob
䒦	*pʰom, *pʰoms
柉	*bom
覂	*poŋʔ
眨	*sproːb
鴔	*brub
乏	*bob

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *promʔ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): biǎn (bian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄢˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bian³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bin²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pién

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bian³

• Northern Min (KCR): bǐng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ping² / pêng² / biang² / biêng²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵pi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: biǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: biǎn
    • Wade–Giles: pien³
    • Yale: byǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bean
    • Palladius: бянь (bjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: bian³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bian
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɛn⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bin²
    • Yale: bín
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bin²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pién
    • Hakka Romanization System: bien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bian³
    • Sinological IPA: /pi̯en³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bian³
    • Sinological IPA: /pian³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pián
    • Tâi-lô: pián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɛn⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ping² / pêng² / biang² / biêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phíng / phéng / piáng / piéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ⁵²/, /pʰeŋ⁵²/, /piaŋ⁵²/, /pieŋ⁵²/

Note:

• pêng - Jieyang;
• biêng2 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵pi
    • MiniDict: pi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 貶
Mandarin	Beijing	/pian²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/pian²¹³/
	Tianjin	/pian¹³/
	Jinan	/piã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/piã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/pian⁵³/
	Xi'an	/piã⁵³/
	Xining	/piã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/pian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/piɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/pian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/piɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/pian⁵³/
	Guiyang	/pian⁴²/
	Kunming	/piɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/pien²¹²/
	Hefei	/piĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/pie̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/pie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/pi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/piɪ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/piẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/pi³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/pe³⁵/
	Tunxi	/piɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/piẽ⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/piẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/piɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/pien³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pin³⁵/
	Nanning	/pin³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pin³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pian⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pieŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/piŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/piaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbin²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjemX

Rime
Character	貶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方斂切
Baxter	pjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/piæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiamX/
Li Rong	/pjɛmX/
Wang Li	/pĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bin2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pr[e]mʔ/, /*p(r)[o]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*promʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貶	貶
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	biǎn	biǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjemX ›	‹ pjemX ›
Old Chinese	/*pr[e]mʔ/	/*p(r)[o]mʔ/
English	diminish	diminish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貶
Reading #	1/1
No.	2841
Phonetic component	乏
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貶
Old Chinese	/*promʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 貶

1. to abase; to lower
2. to vilify; to censure; to criticize
3. criticism of the mistakes of others

Antonyms

• 褒 (bāo)

---

Japanese

Kanji

貶

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: へん (hen)
• Kan-on: へん (hen)
• Kun: けなす (kenasu, 貶す); おとしむ (otoshimu, 貶む); おとしめる (otoshimeru, 貶める); さげすむ (sagesumu, 貶む)

Compounds

• 貶竄
• 貶斥
• 貶損
• 貶退
• 貶謫
• 貶逐
• 貶黜
• 貶流

---

Korean

Hanja

貶 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 貶 (biếm, bâm, mém)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.