賢

See also: 覧, 覽, 贤, 贒, and 䝨

Translingual

Japanese	賢
Simplified	贤
Traditional	賢

Han character

賢 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8 in Chinese, 貝+9 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 16 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月山金 (SEBUC), four-corner 7780₆, composition ⿱臤貝 or ⿱䁂八)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1209, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36822
• Dae Jaweon: page 1674, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3646, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8CE2

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Chinese

trad.		賢
simp.		贤
alternative forms		贒 臤 䝨／贤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賢
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臤	*kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔	*kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳	*kʰriːn
藖	*ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅	*kiːn
鋻	*kiːn, *kiːns
鰹	*kiːn
蜸	*kʰiːnʔ
菣	*kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢	*ɡiːn
礥	*ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔	*ɡiːnʔ
挋	*kiŋs
臣	*ɡiŋ
茞	*ɡiŋ
腎	*ɡjinʔ
頣	*hŋiŋʔ
緊	*kinʔ
嚚	*ŋɡriŋ
鏗	*kʰreːŋ
摼	*kʰreːŋ
硻	*kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡiːn) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 貝 (“money”) – worthy, valuable (like money)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hian²
• Northern Min (KCR): hǐng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang⁵ / hiêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sián
    • Wade–Giles: hsien²
    • Yale: syán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin⁴
    • Yale: yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hian²
    • Sinological IPA: /hian¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân
    • Tâi-lô: hiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiang⁵ / hiêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâng / hiêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ⁵⁵/, /hieŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• hiang5 - Shantou;
• hiêng5 - Chaozhou.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 賢
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕian³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hien¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jin²¹/
	Nanning	/jin²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jin²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hian³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hin³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: hen

Rime
Character	賢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡田切
Baxter	hen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/
Li Rong	/ɣen/
Wang Li	/ɣien/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g]ˤi[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡiːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›
Old Chinese	/*[g]ˁi[n]/
English	worthy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賢
Reading #	1/1
No.	1337
Phonetic component	臣
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	賢
Old Chinese	/*ɡiːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 賢

1. virtuous; good; clever; wise; worthy
2. able; capable

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Japanese

Kanji

賢

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. intelligence
2. clever
3. quick-witted
4. sagacious

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: かしこい (kashikoi, 賢い, Jōyō); さかしい (sakashii, 賢しい); まさる (masaru, 賢る)

Proper noun

賢(さとる) or 賢(proper) • (satoru or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|さとる]]

1. a male given name

賢(まさる) or 賢(proper) • (masaru or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|まさる]]

1. a male given name

賢(けん) or 賢(proper) • (ken or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|けん]]

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

賢 (eum 현 (hyeon))

1. virtuous

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Vietnamese

Han character

賢: Hán Nôm readings: hiền, hèn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.