韌

See also: 韧

Translingual

Han character

韌 (Kangxi radical 178, 韋+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木手尸竹戈 (DQSHI), four-corner 4754₇, composition ⿰韋刃)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1393, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43109
• Dae Jaweon: page 1908, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4503, character 7
• Unihan data for U+97CC

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Chinese

trad.		韌
simp.		韧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 韌
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan⁶ / jan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiun
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm / līn / jīn / lūn / jūn / lǔn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngan⁶ / jan⁶
    • Yale: ngahn / yahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁶ / jan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁶ / yen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²²/, /jɐn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiun
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯un⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
    • Tâi-lô: līm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
    • Tâi-lô: līn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
    • Tâi-lô: jīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
    • Tâi-lô: lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lun
    • IPA (Taipei): /lun³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
    • Tâi-lô: jūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jun
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǔn
    • Tâi-lô: lǔn
    • IPA (Lukang): /lun³³/

Note:

• līm/jīm/līn/jīn - literary;
• lūn/jūn/lǔn - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: nyinH

Rime
Character	韌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而振切
Baxter	nyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinH/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	韌
Reading #	1/1
No.	10835
Phonetic component	刃
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刃
Old Chinese	/*njɯns/
Notes	見管子

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 韌

1. strong, tough
2. (Cantonese) hard

   我覺得呢塊肉韌咗啲。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我觉得呢块肉韧咗啲。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ gok³ dak¹ nei¹ faai³ juk⁶ ngan⁶ zo² di¹. [Jyutping]

   I think this piece of meat is a bit too hard.

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Japanese

Kanji

韌

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): じん (jin), にん (nin)
• Kun: しなやか (shinayaka)