카다

Korean

Alternative forms

• 커다 (keoda) — more common in the Ulsan area
• 쿠다 (kuda) — more common in Jinju and other parts of western South Gyeongsang

Etymology

A lexicalized contraction of 고 (-go, “that”, connective or indirect quotative suffix) + 하다 (hada, “to say; to do”). Sometimes alternatively connected to Standard Seoul Korean 그렇게 하다 (geureoke hada, “to do thus, to speak thus”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [카다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kada
McCune–Reischauer?	k'ada
Yale Romanization?	khata

Verb

카다 • (kada) (infinitive 캐 or 카여, sequential 카니)

1. (Gyeongsang) to say that; follows an explicit or implicit quotation

   가가 머라 카노? ― Ga-ga meo-ra kano? ― What is he saying?

   가삐라고 니가 캤나? ― Ga-ppira-go ni-ga kaenna? ― Was it you who told me to go away?

   • 2012, 이승현 [iseunghyeon], 안녕, 마징가: 담쟁이 문고 [annyeong, majingga: damjaeng'i mun'go], 실천문학사 [silcheonmunhaksa], →ISBN:

     여서 그런 말이 와 나오는데예? — 와 나오기는? 니가 안 캤나?

     Yeo-seo geureon mar-i wa naoneunde-ye? - Wa naogi-neun? Ni-ga an kaenna?

     Why are you bringing that up right now? — Why am I bringing it up it? Wasn't it you who said it first?

   • 2017, 하어영 [ha'eoyeong], “"대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대" [daeguga tupyoyuri jeil najeul geora kadae"]”, in The Hankyoreh‎^[1]:

     대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대.

     Daegu-ga tupyoyur-i jeil najeul geo-ra kadae.

     They say that Daegu is going to have the lowest voter turnout.

   • 2018, 이상원 [isang'won], “'홍준표 쫓가내야'…‘인물’ 강조하는 포항시민들 [hongjunpyo jjotganaeya …‘inmul’ gangjohaneun pohangsimindeul]”, in Newsmin‎^[2]:

     손주가 지진 났을 때 '할매 안 무섭더나' 카더라. 내가 '할매는 안 무섭다' 그랬다. '할매는 지진보다 더 무서운 동란도 봤다'고 캤다.

     Sonju-ga jijin nasseul ttae halmae an museopdeona kadeora. Nae-ga halmae-neun an museopda geuraetda. Halmae-neun jijin-boda deo museoun dongnan-do bwatda go kaetda.

     When there was the earthquake, my grandchild said, "Grandmother, weren't you scared?" I told them, "Grandmother isn't scared." I said, "I've seen a war which was even scarier than an earthquake."

2. (Gyeongsang) to intend to, to try to

   공부할라 카는 아를 와 건디리노?

   Gongbuhalla kaneun a-reul wa geondirino?

   Why are you bothering a kid who's trying to study?

   • 1997, 김원일 [gimwonil], 불의 제전 7 [burui jejeon 7], 문학과 지성사 [munhakgwa jiseongsa], →ISBN:

     그 알라까지 어째 키울라고 안 내놓을라 카는지.

     Geu alla-kkaji eojjae kiulla-go an naeno'eulla kaneunji.

     They're trying not to let him go, but how are they going to raise yet another child?

   • 2015, “김용판 무죄판결 특집 노변정담 [gimyongpan mujoepan'gyeol teukjip nobyeonjeongdam]”, in FactTV‎^[3]:

     내란을 할라 칸 사람인데, 당연히 중죄고.

     Naeran-eul halla kan saram-inde, dang'yeonhi jungjoe-go.

     He's a guy who was trying to cause a civil war, of course that's a serious crime.

3. (Gyeongsang) be about to

   인자 디기 칩을라 칸다. ― Inja digi chibeulla kanda. ― Now it's about to get really cold.

   • 1985, 조부돌 [jobudol], 한국구비문학대계 7집 14책: 경북 달성군 편 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye 7jip 14chaek: gyeongbuk dalseonggun pyeon, Compendium of Korean Oral Literature, Volume 7, Issue 14: Dalseong County, North Gyeongsang Province], Academy of Korean Studies, page 603:

     아직에 지무시고 세수를 할라칸께네 동원에서 풍악 소리가 디리 나거던.

     Ajig-e jimusigo sesu-reul hallakankkene dong'won-eseo pung'ak sori-ga diri nageodeon.

     Once he had slept in the morning, he was about to to wash his face, but then there was the sound of music coming very loudly from the eastern garden.

   • 2012, 박이정 [bagijeong], 봄, 눈 — 엄마라는 이름의 선물 [bom, nun - eommaraneun ireumui seonmul], 도서출판 가연 [doseochulpan gayeon], →ISBN:

     지금은 배 터질라 카니까 좀 봐도라.

     Jigeum-eun bae teojilla kanikka jom bwa-dora.

     Right now [I'm so full that] my stomach is about to burst, so please excuse me.

4. (Gyeongsang) to make someone do

Usage notes

The use of this verb is one of the most fundamental and best-known isoglosses of the Gyeongsang dialect.

Synonyms

• (all definitions) 하다 (hada, Standard Seoul)

Derived terms

• 카더라 (kadeora, “rumor”)

 

References

• 김영태 [gimyeongtae] (1989) “경북 방언 '카다'용언에 대하여 [gyeongbuk bang'eon kada yong'eone daehayeo, On the khata root of the North Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Daegu eomun nonchong, volume 7, pages 1—16
• 정인호 [jeong'inho] (2019) “경상방언의 인용동사 {카다}의 형성에 대하여 [On the formation of the quotative verb khata in the Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Urimalgeul, volume 82, pages 149—168