こぶし: difference between revisions

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→‎Etymology 3: +formatting +refs +sense fix -- ''enka'' has vibrato +and+ kobushi, where kobushi is a chunk of the melody using melisma; see also ja:w:演歌#歌唱法
→‎Noun: lit2=
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#* {{quote-song|ja|lyricist={{w2|ja|いではく}}|composer={{w2|ja|遠藤実}}|title={{w2|ja|北国の春}}|url=|album=|artist={{w2|ja|千昌夫}}|year=1977}}
#* {{quote-song|ja|lyricist={{w2|ja|いではく}}|composer={{w2|ja|遠藤実}}|title={{w2|ja|北国の春}}|url=|album=|artist={{w2|ja|千昌夫}}|year=1977}}
#*: {{ja-usex|'''こぶし'''[[咲く]][[あの]][[丘]]|'''こぶし''' さく あの おか|that hill where the '''magnolias''' bloom}}
#*: {{ja-usex|'''こぶし'''[[咲く]][[あの]][[丘]]|'''こぶし''' さく あの おか|that hill where the '''magnolias''' bloom}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|こぶしはじかみ|alt1=拳椒|tr1=kobushi hajikami|やまあららぎ|alt2=山蘭|tr2=yama araragi|q2=literally, “[[mountain]] [[garlic]]”}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|こぶしはじかみ|alt1=拳椒|tr1=kobushi hajikami|やまあららぎ|alt2=山蘭|tr2=yama araragi|lit2=[[mountain]] [[garlic]]}}


=====Usage notes=====
=====Usage notes=====

Revision as of 23:21, 28 September 2020

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spelling
拳

Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.[1]

Japanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation.[1][2][3] A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).

Pronunciation

Noun

こぶし • (kobushi) ←こぶし (kobusi)?

  1. [from 810] fist
  2. [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
  3. [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
  4. [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
  5. [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
  6. [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Alternative spellings
辛夷
拳
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
拳・辛夷 (kobushi): the kobushi magnolia.

Originally a shortening of the older name, 拳椒 (kobushi hajikami, literally “fist pepper, fist ginger”), where the kobushi was in reference to the resemblance of an unopened bud to a child's fist,[1] and the hajikami was probably in reference to the pungency of the seeds when bitten,[2] or to the pungent odor of the plant when injured.

First referenced in a text from roughly 1165.[1]

The 辛夷 spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓) from Chinese 辛夷 (xīnyí).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

こぶし or コブシ • (kobushi) ←こぶし (kobusi)?

  1. [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia (Lua error in Module:taxlink at line 68: Parameter "noshow" is not used by this template.)
    Synonyms: 拳椒 (kobushi hajikami), 山蘭 (yama araragi, literally “mountain garlic”)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コブシ.

Further reading

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
小節

Compound of 小 (ko, “small”) +‎ 節 (fushi, “knot; section; melody”).[1][2]

First cited to a text from 1633.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

こぶし • (kobushi) ←こぶし (kobusi)?

  1. [from 1633] a small knot in wood; lumber or timber with small knots
  2. [from 1872] a small piece of 鰹節 (katsuo-bushi, “hard-dried skipjack tuna”)
  3. [from 1902] (music) a portion of the melody in traditional Japanese singing (as well as kayōkyoku, enka) that uses melisma
    小節(こぶし)を回(まわ)す
    kobushi o mawasu
    to use melisma in the melody

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of こぶし – see the following entry.
【古武士】
[noun] a warrior of ancient times
[noun] an old-school warrior (particularly emphasizing honor and steely resolve)
(This term, こぶし, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as こぶし, see Category:Japanese kanji read as こぶし.)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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