claudo

Latin

Etymology 1

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

Alternative forms

• clūdō

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯.doː/, [ˈkɫ̪äu̯d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯.do/, [ˈkläːu̯d̪o]

Verb

claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation

1. I shut, close, lock
2. I imprison, confine
3. I besiege, blockade
4. I limit, restrict

Conjugation

Conjugation of claudō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	claudō	claudis	claudit	claudimus	clauditis	claudunt
	imperfect	claudēbam	claudēbās	claudēbat	claudēbāmus	claudēbātis	claudēbant
	future	claudam	claudēs	claudet	claudēmus	claudētis	claudent
	perfect	clausī	clausistī	clausit	clausimus	clausistis	clausērunt, clausēre
	pluperfect	clauseram	clauserās	clauserat	clauserāmus	clauserātis	clauserant
	future perfect	clauserō	clauseris	clauserit	clauserimus	clauseritis	clauserint
passive	present	claudor	clauderis, claudere	clauditur	claudimur	claudiminī	clauduntur
	imperfect	claudēbar	claudēbāris, claudēbāre	claudēbātur	claudēbāmur	claudēbāminī	claudēbantur
	future	claudar	claudēris, claudēre	claudētur	claudēmur	claudēminī	claudentur
	perfect	clausus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	clausus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	clausus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	claudam	claudās	claudat	claudāmus	claudātis	claudant
	imperfect	clauderem	clauderēs	clauderet	clauderēmus	clauderētis	clauderent
	perfect	clauserim	clauserīs	clauserit	clauserīmus	clauserītis	clauserint
	pluperfect	clausissem	clausissēs	clausisset	clausissēmus	clausissētis	clausissent
passive	present	claudar	claudāris, claudāre	claudātur	claudāmur	claudāminī	claudantur
	imperfect	clauderer	clauderēris, clauderēre	clauderētur	clauderēmur	clauderēminī	clauderentur
	perfect	clausus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	clausus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	claude	—	—	claudite	—
	future	—	clauditō	clauditō	—	clauditōte	clauduntō
passive	present	—	claudere	—	—	claudiminī	—
	future	—	clauditor	clauditor	—	—	clauduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		claudere	clausisse	clausūrum esse	claudī	clausum esse	clausum īrī
participles		claudēns	—	clausūrus	—	clausus	claudendus, claudundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		claudendī	claudendō	claudendum	claudendō	clausum	clausū

Derived terms

• circumclūdō
• clausula
• clausum
• clausus
• conclūdō
• disclūdō
• exclūdō
• inclūdō
• interclūdō
• occlūdō
• praeclūdō
• reclūdō
• seclūdō

 

Related terms

• claustellum
• claustra
• claustrārius
• claustrum
• clausūra
• clāvis
• clāvus

 

Descendants

• Italian: chiudere
• Old French: clore
  • Middle French: clore
    • French: clore
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: cloure
  • Occitan: claure
• Old Galician-Portuguese: choir, choyr
  • Galician: choer
  • Portuguese: chouver
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: cludi
• Sicilian: chiùdiri, chiùjiri, chiùiri, jùjiri
• English: close
• ⇒ Latin: clausus, clūsus
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: clos
      • French: clos
      • Gallo: tio
      • Norman: clios, cliôs, cllos
      • → Middle English: clos (in part)
        • English: close
          • → Irish: clós
          • → Welsh: clos
        • Scots: close
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: clos
    • Occitan: claus
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Galician: chouso, chousa
    • Portuguese: chouso, chousa

Etymology 2

Alternative form of claudeō (“limp”), from claudus (“limping; lame”).

Alternative forms

• claudeō

Verb

claudō (present infinitive claudere, supine clausum); third conjugation, no perfect stem

1. Alternative form of claudeō

Conjugation

Conjugation of claudō (third conjugation, no perfect stem)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	claudō	claudis	claudit	claudimus	clauditis	claudunt
	imperfect	claudēbam	claudēbās	claudēbat	claudēbāmus	claudēbātis	claudēbant
	future	claudam	claudēs	claudet	claudēmus	claudētis	claudent
passive	present	claudor	clauderis, claudere	clauditur	claudimur	claudiminī	clauduntur
	imperfect	claudēbar	claudēbāris, claudēbāre	claudēbātur	claudēbāmur	claudēbāminī	claudēbantur
	future	claudar	claudēris, claudēre	claudētur	claudēmur	claudēminī	claudentur
	perfect	clausus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	clausus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	clausus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	claudam	claudās	claudat	claudāmus	claudātis	claudant
	imperfect	clauderem	clauderēs	clauderet	clauderēmus	clauderētis	clauderent
passive	present	claudar	claudāris, claudāre	claudātur	claudāmur	claudāminī	claudantur
	imperfect	clauderer	clauderēris, clauderēre	clauderētur	clauderēmur	clauderēminī	clauderentur
	perfect	clausus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	clausus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	claude	—	—	claudite	—
	future	—	clauditō	clauditō	—	clauditōte	clauduntō
passive	present	—	claudere	—	—	claudiminī	—
	future	—	clauditor	clauditor	—	—	clauduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		claudere	—	clausūrum esse	claudī	clausum esse	clausum īrī
participles		claudēns	—	clausūrus	—	clausus	claudendus, claudundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		claudendī	claudendō	claudendum	claudendō	clausum	clausū

References

• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claudo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to..: aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus)
    
  • (ambiguous) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere
    
  • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidione claudere