deren

See also: Deren, dereń, and Dereń

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch *derien, from Proto-Germanic *darjaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːrə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːrən

Verb

deren

1. (transitive) to harm

Inflection

Conjugation of deren (weak)
infinitive	deren
past singular	deerde
past participle	gedeerd
infinitive	deren
gerund	deren n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	deer	deerde
2nd person sing. (jij)	deert, deer2	deerde
2nd person sing. (u)	deert	deerde
2nd person sing. (gij)	deert	deerde
3rd person singular	deert	deerde
plural	deren	deerden
subjunctive sing.1	dere	deerde
subjunctive plur.1	deren	deerden
imperative sing.	deer
imperative plur.1	deert
participles	derend	gedeerd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Related terms

• ongedeerd

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Galician

Verb

deren

1. third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːʁən/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːʀən

Pronoun

deren (relative or demonstrative)

1. inflection of der:
   1. genitive feminine singular
   2. genitive plural
      1. (relative) whose, of which
      2. (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

Usage notes

Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since neither of these forms is used in normal vernacular German.

Consider:

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

and

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

The first sentence relates that the family which invites has a son, thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Russian свой and Russian possessive pronouns.

Declension

Relative pronoun:

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren derer	dessen	deren derer
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

Demonstrative pronoun:

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren derer	dessen	deren derer
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *derien, from Proto-Germanic *darjaną.

Verb

dēren

1. to harm, to hurt
2. to hurt emotionally
3. to damage

Inflection

Weak
Infinitive	dēren
3rd sg. past	—
3rd pl. past	—
Past participle	—
Infinitive	dēren
In genitive	dērens
In dative	dērene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	dēre	—
2nd singular	dēers, dēres	—
3rd singular	dēert, dēret	—
1st plural	dēren	—
2nd plural	dēert, dēret	—
3rd plural	dēren	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	dēre	—
2nd singular	dēers, dēres	—
3rd singular	dēre	—
1st plural	dēren	—
2nd plural	dēert, dēret	—
3rd plural	dēren	—
Imperative	Present
Singular	dēer, dēre
Plural	dēert, dēret
	Present	Past
Participle	dērende	—

Alternative forms

• dāren

Descendants

• Dutch: deren
• Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

• “deren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “daren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page daren
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “deren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN