impono

See also: impoño

Latin

Alternative forms

• inpōnō

Etymology

From in- (“in, at, on; into”) +‎ pōnō (“place, put”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪmˈpoː.noː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [imˈpɔː.no]

Verb

impōnō (present infinitive impōnere, perfect active imposuī, supine impositum); third conjugation

1. to place, lay, set, or put on, in, into, over, or upon

   Synonyms: pono, colloco, loco, sisto, figo, constituo, statuo, defigo

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.42:

     Caesar, quod neque conloquium interposita causa tolli volebat neque salutem suam Gallorum equitatui committere audebat, commodissimum esse statuit omnibus equis Gallis equitibus detractis eo legionarios milites legionis X., cui quam maxime confidebat, imponere, ut praesidium quam amicissimum, si quid opus facto esset, haberet.

     Caesar, as he didn't want either the interview to be for any reason set aside or confide his wellbeing in the hands of the Gallic cavalry, said he saw as most fit the Gallic horsemen be stripped off their steeds and in their place mount legionaries of the 10th legion, in which he had the utmost faith, that he might have as trusted a body-guard as one could have if the occasion ever urged its use.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.453:

     [...] tūricremīs cum dōna impōneret ārīs [...].

     [...] when [Dido] would place her gifts upon the incense-burning altars [...].

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.14:

     […] : mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.

     […] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.

2. (figuratively) to impose upon, put upon, lay upon, inflict upon, fix, put, enjoin

   Synonym: īnflīgō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.619:

     “‘Ēripe, nāte, fugam, fīnemque impōne labōrī.’”

     “‘Flee, my son! [Make your] escape, and put an end to your struggle.’”

3. (figuratively) to establish, fix, impose (e.g. a tax)

   Synonyms: constituo, statuo

Conjugation

   Conjugation of impōnō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	impōnō		impōnis		impōnit		impōnimus		impōnitis		impōnunt
	imperfect	impōnēbam		impōnēbās		impōnēbat		impōnēbāmus		impōnēbātis		impōnēbant
	future	impōnam		impōnēs		impōnet		impōnēmus		impōnētis		impōnent
	perfect	imposuī		imposuistī		imposuit		imposuimus		imposuistis		imposuērunt, imposuēre
	pluperfect	imposueram		imposuerās		imposuerat		imposuerāmus		imposuerātis		imposuerant
	future perfect	imposuerō		imposueris		imposuerit		imposuerimus		imposueritis		imposuerint
passive	present	impōnor		impōneris, impōnere		impōnitur		impōnimur		impōniminī		impōnuntur
	imperfect	impōnēbar		impōnēbāris, impōnēbāre		impōnēbātur		impōnēbāmur		impōnēbāminī		impōnēbantur
	future	impōnar		impōnēris, impōnēre		impōnētur		impōnēmur		impōnēminī		impōnentur
	perfect	impositus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	impositus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	impositus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	impōnam		impōnās		impōnat		impōnāmus		impōnātis		impōnant
	imperfect	impōnerem		impōnerēs		impōneret		impōnerēmus		impōnerētis		impōnerent
	perfect	imposuerim		imposuerīs		imposuerit		imposuerīmus		imposuerītis		imposuerint
	pluperfect	imposuissem		imposuissēs		imposuisset		imposuissēmus		imposuissētis		imposuissent
passive	present	impōnar		impōnāris, impōnāre		impōnātur		impōnāmur		impōnāminī		impōnantur
	imperfect	impōnerer		impōnerēris, impōnerēre		impōnerētur		impōnerēmur		impōnerēminī		impōnerentur
	perfect	impositus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	impositus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		impōne		—		—		impōnite		—
	future	—		impōnitō		impōnitō		—		impōnitōte		impōnuntō
passive	present	—		impōnere		—		—		impōniminī		—
	future	—		impōnitor		impōnitor		—		—		impōnuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		impōnere			impōnī			impōnēns			—
future		impositūrum esse			impositum īrī			impositūrus			impōnendus, impōnundus
perfect		imposuisse			impositum esse			—			impositus
future perfect		—			impositum fore			—			—
perfect potential		impositūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		impōnendī		impōnendō		impōnendum		impōnendō		impositum		impositū

Descendants

• → Catalan: imposar (semi-learned)
• → Middle French: imposer (semi-learned) (partially)
  • French: imposer
  • → English: impose
• → Galician: impor, impoñer (semi-learned)
• → Italian: imporre (semi-learned)
• → Polish: imponować
• → Portuguese: impor (semi-learned)
• → Romanian: impune (semi-learned)
• Sicilian: mpùniri
• → Spanish: imponer (semi-learned)
• → Basque: inposatu
• → English: impone
• → Danish: imponere
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: imponere
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: imponera

References

• “impono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “impono”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “impono”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to place on the funeral-pyre: aliquem in rogum imponere
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    
  • to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)
    
  • to lay the yoke of slavery on some one: alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere
    
  • to impose tribute on some one: vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere
    
  • to embark an army: exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19)
    
• impono in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016