indignar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Northwestern) [in.diŋˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [in.diŋˈnaɾ]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indigní, past participle indignat)

1. (transitive) to outrage, to provoke
2. (pronominal) to become outraged (contra at, per by)

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of indignar (first conjugation)

infinitive			indignar
gerund			indignant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		indignat		indignada
		plural		indignats		indignades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	indigno	indignes	indigna	indignem	indigneu	indignen
	imperfect	indignava	indignaves	indignava	indignàvem	indignàveu	indignaven
	future	indignaré	indignaràs	indignarà	indignarem	indignareu	indignaran
	preterite	indigní	indignares	indignà	indignàrem	indignàreu	indignaren
	conditional	indignaria	indignaries	indignaria	indignaríem	indignaríeu	indignarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	indigni	indignis	indigni	indignem	indigneu	indignin
	imperfect	indignés	indignessis	indignés	indignéssim	indignéssiu	indignessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	indigna	indigni	indignem	indigneu	indignin
	negative (no)	—	no indignis	no indigni	no indignem	no indigneu	no indignin

Related terms

• indignació
• indignant
• indigne
• indignitat

Further reading

• “indignar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “indignar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “indignar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “indignar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Ido

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

indignar (present tense indignas, past tense indignis, future tense indignos, imperative indignez, conditional indignus)

1. to be indignant

Conjugation

Conjugation of indignar

		present		past		future
infinitive		indignar		indignir		indignor
tense		indignas		indignis		indignos
conditional		indignus		—		—
imperative		indignez		—		—
adjective active participle		indignanta		indigninta		indignonta
adverbial active participle		indignante		indigninte		indignonte
nominal active participle	singular	indignanto		indigninto		indignonto
	plural	indignanti		indigninti		indignonti
adjective passive participle		indignata		indignita		indignota
adverbial passive participle		indignate		indignite		indignote
nominal passive participle	singular	indignato		indignito		indignoto
	plural	indignati		indigniti		indignoti

Derived terms

• indignigar (“to rouse indignation”)

Related terms

• indigno (“indignation”)

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(h)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(χ)], /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/, /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ɻ)/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒiɡˈna(h)], /ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.d͡ʒi.ɡiˈna(h)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.diˈɡnaɾ/ [ĩ.diˈɣnaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.diˈɡnaɾ/ [ĩ.diˈɣnaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.diˈɡna.ɾi/ [ĩ.diˈɣna.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: in‧dig‧nar

Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indignei, past participle indignado)

1. (transitive) to outrage
2. (reflexive) to become outraged, to become revolted

Conjugation

    Conjugation of indignar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	indignar
Personal	indignar	indignares	indignar	indignarmos	indignardes	indignarem
Gerund
	indignando
Past participle
Masculine	indignado			indignados
Feminine	indignada			indignadas
Indicative
Present	indigno	indignas	indigna	indignamos	indignais	indignam
Imperfect	indignava	indignavas	indignava	indignávamos	indignáveis	indignavam
Preterite	indignei	indignaste	indignou	indignamos1, indignámos2	indignastes	indignaram
Pluperfect	indignara	indignaras	indignara	indignáramos	indignáreis	indignaram
Future	indignarei	indignarás	indignará	indignaremos	indignareis	indignarão
Conditional	indignaria	indignarias	indignaria	indignaríamos	indignaríeis	indignariam
Subjunctive
Present	indigne	indignes	indigne	indignemos	indigneis	indignem
Imperfect	indignasse	indignasses	indignasse	indignássemos	indignásseis	indignassem
Future	indignar	indignares	indignar	indignarmos	indignardes	indignarem
Imperative
Affirmative		indigna	indigne	indignemos	indignai	indignem
Negative (não)		não indignes	não indigne	não indignemos	não indigneis	não indignem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

    Conjugation of indignar-se (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	indignar-se
Personal	indignar-me	indignares-te	indignar-se	indignarmo-nos	indignardes-vos	indignarem-se
Gerund
	indignando-se
Past participle
Masculine	indignado			indignados
Feminine	indignada			indignadas
Indicative
Present	indigno-me	indignas-te	indigna-se	indignamo-nos	indignais-vos	indignam-se
Imperfect	indignava-me	indignavas-te	indignava-se	indignávamo-nos	indignáveis-vos	indignavam-se
Preterite	indignei-me	indignaste-te	indignou-se	indignamo-nos1, indignámo-nos2	indignastes-vos	indignaram-se
Pluperfect	indignara-me	indignaras-te	indignara-se	indignáramo-nos	indignáreis-vos	indignaram-se
Future	indignar-me-ei	indignar-te-ás	indignar-se-á	indignar-nos-emos	indignar-vos-eis	indignar-se-ão
Conditional	indignar-me-ia	indignar-te-ias	indignar-se-ia	indignar-nos-íamos	indignar-vos-íeis	indignar-se-iam
Subjunctive
Present	me indigne	te indignes	se indigne	nos indignemos	vos indigneis	se indignem
Imperfect	me indignasse	te indignasses	se indignasse	nos indignássemos	vos indignásseis	se indignassem
Future	me indignar	te indignares	se indignar	nos indignarmos	vos indignardes	se indignarem
Imperative
Affirmative		indigna-te	indigne-se	indignemo-nos	indignai-vos	indignem-se
Negative (não)		não te indignes	não se indigne	não nos indignemos	não vos indigneis	não se indignem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• indignação
• indigno

References

• “indignar”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “indignar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN

Further reading

• “indignar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin indignārī (“to be indignant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /indiɡˈnaɾ/ [ĩn̪.d̪iɣ̞ˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: in‧dig‧nar

Verb

indignar (first-person singular present indigno, first-person singular preterite indigné, past participle indignado)

1. (transitive) to outrage
2. (reflexive) to become outraged

Conjugation

    Conjugation of indignar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			indignar
gerund			indignando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		indignado		indignada
		plural		indignados		indignadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	indigno	indignastú indignásvos	indigna	indignamos	indignáis	indignan
	imperfect	indignaba	indignabas	indignaba	indignábamos	indignabais	indignaban
	preterite	indigné	indignaste	indignó	indignamos	indignasteis	indignaron
	future	indignaré	indignarás	indignará	indignaremos	indignaréis	indignarán
	conditional	indignaría	indignarías	indignaría	indignaríamos	indignaríais	indignarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	indigne	indignestú indignésvos2	indigne	indignemos	indignéis	indignen
	imperfect (ra)	indignara	indignaras	indignara	indignáramos	indignarais	indignaran
	imperfect (se)	indignase	indignases	indignase	indignásemos	indignaseis	indignasen
	future1	indignare	indignares	indignare	indignáremos	indignareis	indignaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		indignatú indignávos	indigne	indignemos	indignad	indignen
	negative		no indignes	no indigne	no indignemos	no indignéis	no indignen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of indignar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive indignar	dative	indignarme	indignarte	indignarle, indignarse	indignarnos	indignaros	indignarles, indignarse
	accusative	indignarme	indignarte	indignarlo, indignarla, indignarse	indignarnos	indignaros	indignarlos, indignarlas, indignarse
with gerund indignando	dative	indignándome	indignándote	indignándole, indignándose	indignándonos	indignándoos	indignándoles, indignándose
	accusative	indignándome	indignándote	indignándolo, indignándola, indignándose	indignándonos	indignándoos	indignándolos, indignándolas, indignándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative indigna	dative	indígname	indígnate	indígnale	indígnanos	not used	indígnales
	accusative	indígname	indígnate	indígnalo, indígnala	indígnanos	not used	indígnalos, indígnalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative indigná	dative	indigname	indignate	indignale	indignanos	not used	indignales
	accusative	indigname	indignate	indignalo, indignala	indignanos	not used	indignalos, indignalas
with formal second-person singular imperative indigne	dative	indígneme	not used	indígnele, indígnese	indígnenos	not used	indígneles
	accusative	indígneme	not used	indígnelo, indígnela, indígnese	indígnenos	not used	indígnelos, indígnelas
with first-person plural imperative indignemos	dative	not used	indignémoste	indignémosle	indignémonos	indignémoos	indignémosles
	accusative	not used	indignémoste	indignémoslo, indignémosla	indignémonos	indignémoos	indignémoslos, indignémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative indignad	dative	indignadme	not used	indignadle	indignadnos	indignaos	indignadles
	accusative	indignadme	not used	indignadlo, indignadla	indignadnos	indignaos	indignadlos, indignadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative indignen	dative	indígnenme	not used	indígnenle	indígnennos	not used	indígnenles, indígnense
	accusative	indígnenme	not used	indígnenlo, indígnenla	indígnennos	not used	indígnenlos, indígnenlas, indígnense

Related terms

• indignación
• indignidad
• indigno

Further reading

• “indignar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025