insultar

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin īnsultāre.

Verb

insultar (first-person singular indicative present insulto, past participle insultáu)

1. to insult

Conjugation

Conjugation of insultar

infinitive		insultar
gerund		insultando
past participle		m insultáu, f insultada, n insultao, m pl insultaos, f pl insultaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	insulto	insultes	insulta	insultamos	insultáis	insulten
	imperfect	insultaba	insultabes	insultaba	insultábemos, insultábamos	insultabeis, insultabais	insultaben
	preterite	insulté	insultasti, insultesti	insultó	insultemos	insultastis, insultestis	insultaron
	pluperfect	insultare, insultara	insultares, insultaras	insultare, insultara	insultáremos, insultáramos	insultareis, insultarais	insultaren, insultaran
	future	insultaré	insultarás	insultará	insultaremos	insultaréis	insultarán
	conditional	insultaría	insultaríes	insultaría	insultaríemos, insultaríamos	insultaríeis, insultaríais	insultaríen
subjunctive	present	insulte	insultes, insultas	insulte	insultemos	insultéis	insulten, insultan
	imperfect	insultare, insultara	insultares, insultaras	insultare, insultara	insultáremos, insultáramos	insultareis, insultarais	insultaren, insultaran
imperative		—	insulta	—	—	insultái	—

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnsultāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [in.sulˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [in.sulˈtaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

insultar (first-person singular present insulto, first-person singular preterite insultí, past participle insultat)

1. to insult

Conjugation

    Conjugation of insultar (first conjugation)

infinitive			insultar
gerund			insultant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		insultat		insultada
		plural		insultats		insultades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	insulto	insultes	insulta	insultem	insulteu	insulten
	imperfect	insultava	insultaves	insultava	insultàvem	insultàveu	insultaven
	future	insultaré	insultaràs	insultarà	insultarem	insultareu	insultaran
	preterite	insultí	insultares	insultà	insultàrem	insultàreu	insultaren
	conditional	insultaria	insultaries	insultaria	insultaríem	insultaríeu	insultarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	insulti	insultis	insulti	insultem	insulteu	insultin
	imperfect	insultés	insultessis	insultés	insultéssim	insultéssiu	insultessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	insulta	insulti	insultem	insulteu	insultin
	negative (no)	—	no insultis	no insulti	no insultem	no insulteu	no insultin

Galician

Etymology

From Latin īnsultāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /insulˈtaɾ/ [in.s̺ul̪ˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: in‧sul‧tar

Verb

insultar (first-person singular present insulto, first-person singular preterite insultei, past participle insultado)

1. to insult

Conjugation

    Conjugation of insultar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	insultar
Personal	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultaren
Gerund
	insultando
Past participle
Masculine	insultado			insultados
Feminine	insultada			insultadas
Indicative
Present	insulto	insultas	insulta	insultamos	insultades	insultan
Imperfect	insultaba	insultabas	insultaba	insultabamos	insultabades	insultaban
Preterite	insultei	insultaches	insultou	insultamos	insultastes	insultaron
Pluperfect	insultara	insultaras	insultara	insultaramos	insultarades	insultaran
Future	insultarei	insultarás	insultará	insultaremos	insultaredes	insultarán
Conditional	insultaría	insultarías	insultaría	insultariamos	insultariades	insultarían
Subjunctive
Present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultemos	insultedes	insulten
Imperfect	insultase	insultases	insultase	insultásemos	insultásedes	insultasen
Future	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultaren
Imperative
Affirmative		insulta	insulte	insultemos	insultade	insulten
Negative (non)		non insultes	non insulte	non insultemos	non insultedes	non insulten

    Reintegrated conjugation of insultar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	insultar
Personal	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultarem
Gerund
	insultando
Past participle
Masculine	insultado			insultados
Feminine	insultada			insultadas
Indicative
Present	insulto	insultas	insulta	insultamos	insultades, insultais	insultam
Imperfect	insultava	insultavas	insultava	insultávamos	insultávades, insultáveis, insultávais1	insultavam
Preterite	insultei	insultaste, insultache1	insultou	insultamos	insultastes	insultárom, insultaram
Pluperfect	insultara	insultaras	insultara	insultáramos	insultárades, insultáreis, insultárais1	insultaram
Future	insultarei	insultarás	insultará	insultaremos	insultaredes, insultareis	insultarám, insultarão
Conditional	insultaria	insultarias	insultaria	insultaríamos	insultaríades, insultaríeis, insultaríais1	insultariam
Subjunctive
Present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultemos	insultedes, insulteis	insultem
Imperfect	insultasse	insultasses	insultasse	insultássemos	insultássedes, insultásseis	insultassem
Future	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultarem
Imperative
Affirmative		insulta	insulte	insultemos	insultade, insultai	insultem
Negative (nom)		nom insultes	nom insulte	nom insultemos	nom insultedes, nom insulteis	nom insultem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• insultador
• insultante
• insulto

Further reading

• “insultar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto insulti, English insult, French insulter, German insultieren, Italian insultare, Spanish insultar, from Latin īnsultō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /insulˈtar/

Verb

insultar (present tense insultas, past tense insultis, future tense insultos, imperative insultez, conditional insultus)

1. (transitive) to insult
2. (transitive) to abuse
3. (transitive) to affront

Conjugation

Conjugation of insultar

		present		past		future
infinitive		insultar		insultir		insultor
tense		insultas		insultis		insultos
conditional		insultus		—		—
imperative		insultez		—		—
adjective active participle		insultanta		insultinta		insultonta
adverbial active participle		insultante		insultinte		insultonte
nominal active participle	singular	insultanto		insultinto		insultonto
	plural	insultanti		insultinti		insultonti
adjective passive participle		insultata		insultita		insultota
adverbial passive participle		insultate		insultite		insultote
nominal passive participle	singular	insultato		insultito		insultoto
	plural	insultati		insultiti		insultoti

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

insultar

1. to insult

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		insultar			aver insultat
gerund		insultant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		insultat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	insulti	insultas	insulta	insultam	insultatz	insultan
	imperfect	insultavi	insultavas	insultava	insultàvem	insultàvetz	insultavan
	preterite	insultèri	insultères	insultèt	insultèrem	insultèretz	insultèron
	future	insultarai	insultaràs	insultarà	insultarem	insultaretz	insultaràn
	conditional	insultariái	insultariás	insultariá	insultariam	insultariatz	insultarián
	conditional 2nd form1	insultèra	insultèras	insultèra	insulteram	insulteratz	insultèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultem	insultetz	insulten
	imperfect	insultèssi	insultèsses	insultèsse	insultèssem	insultèssetz	insultèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			insulta		insultem	insultatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		insultar			aver insultat
gerund		insultant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		insultat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulta	insultam	insultatz	insulton
	imperfect	insultave	insultaves	insultava	insultaviam	insultaviatz	insultavon
	preterite	insultere	insulteres	insultet	insultem	insultetz	insulteron
	future	insultarai	insultaràs	insultará	insultarem	insultaretz	insultarán
	conditional	insultariá	insultariás	insultariá	insultariam	insultariatz	insultarián
	conditional 2nd form1	insultèra	insultèras	insultèra	insulteram	insulteratz	insultèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultassiam	insultassiatz	insulton
	imperfect	insultesse	insultesses	insultesse	insultessiam	insultessiatz	insultesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			insulta		insultassiam	insultatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		insultar			aver insultat
gerund		insultant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		insultat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	insulti	insultas	insulta	insultam	insultatz	insultan
	imperfect	insultavi	insultavas	insultava	insultàvam	insultàvatz	insultavan
	preterite	insultèi	insultès	insultè	insultèm	insultètz	insultèn
	future	insultarèi	insultaràs	insultarà	insultaram	insultaratz	insultaràn
	conditional	insultarí	insultarés	insultaré	insultarem	insultaretz	insultarén
	conditional 2nd form1	insultèra	insultèras	insultèra	insulteram	insulteratz	insultèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	insulti	insultes	insulte	insultem	insultetz	insulten
	imperfect	insultèssi	insultèsses	insultèsse	insultèssem	insultèssetz	insultèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			insulta		insultem	insultatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		insultar			aver insultat
gerund		insultant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		insultat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	insulte	insultas	insulta	insultam	insultatz	insultan
	imperfect	insultava	insultavas	insultava	insultàvam	insultàvatz	insultavan
	preterite	insultei	insulteras	insultet	insultèram	insultèratz	insulteran
	future	insultarai	insultaràs	insultará	insultarem	insultaretz	insultarán
	conditional	insultariá	insultariàs	insultariá	insultariam	insultariatz	insultarián
	conditional 2nd form1	insultèra	insultèras	insultèra	insulteram	insulteratz	insultèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultem	insultetz	insulten
	imperfect	insultèsse	insultèsses	insultèsse	insultèssem	insultèssetz	insultèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			insulta		insultem	insultatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		insultar			aver insultat
gerund		insultant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		insultat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulta	insultam	insultatz	insultan
	imperfect	insultavi	insultavas	insultava	insultàvem	insultàvetz	insultavan
	preterite	insultère	insultères	insultèt	insulteriam	insulteriatz	insultèron
	future	insultarai	insultaràs	insultarà	insultarem	insultaretz	insultaràn
	conditional	insultariáu	insultariás	insultariá	insultariam	insultariatz	insultarián
	conditional 2nd form1	insultèra	insultèras	insultèra	insulteram	insulteratz	insultèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultem	insultetz	insultan
	imperfect	insultèsse	insultèsses	insultèsse	insultessiam	insultessiatz	insultèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			insulta		insultem	insultatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin īnsultāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.suwˈta(ʁ)/ [ĩ.suʊ̯ˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.suwˈta(ʁ)/ [ĩ.suʊ̯ˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.suwˈta(ɾ)/ [ĩ.suʊ̯ˈta(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.suwˈta(ʁ)/ [ĩ.suʊ̯ˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.suwˈta(ɻ)/ [ĩ.suʊ̯ˈta(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.sulˈtaɾ/ [ĩ.suɫˈtaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.sulˈtaɾ/ [ĩ.suɫˈtaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.sulˈta.ɾi/ [ĩ.suɫˈta.ɾi]

Verb

insultar (first-person singular present insulto, first-person singular preterite insultei, past participle insultado)

1. to insult

   Synonym: ultrajar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of insultar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	insultar
Personal	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultarem
Gerund
	insultando
Past participle
Masculine	insultado			insultados
Feminine	insultada			insultadas
Indicative
Present	insulto	insultas	insulta	insultamos	insultais	insultam
Imperfect	insultava	insultavas	insultava	insultávamos	insultáveis	insultavam
Preterite	insultei	insultaste	insultou	insultamos1, insultámos2	insultastes	insultaram
Pluperfect	insultara	insultaras	insultara	insultáramos	insultáreis	insultaram
Future	insultarei	insultarás	insultará	insultaremos	insultareis	insultarão
Conditional	insultaria	insultarias	insultaria	insultaríamos	insultaríeis	insultariam
Subjunctive
Present	insulte	insultes	insulte	insultemos	insulteis	insultem
Imperfect	insultasse	insultasses	insultasse	insultássemos	insultásseis	insultassem
Future	insultar	insultares	insultar	insultarmos	insultardes	insultarem
Imperative
Affirmative		insulta	insulte	insultemos	insultai	insultem
Negative (não)		não insultes	não insulte	não insultemos	não insulteis	não insultem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• insulto

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin īnsultāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /insulˈtaɾ/ [ĩn.sul̪ˈt̪aɾ]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: in‧sul‧tar

Verb

insultar (first-person singular present insulto, first-person singular preterite insulté, past participle insultado)

1. (transitive) to insult, offend

   Synonyms: ofender, ultrajar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of insultar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			insultar
gerund			insultando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		insultado		insultada
		plural		insultados		insultadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	insulto	insultastú insultásvos	insulta	insultamos	insultáis	insultan
	imperfect	insultaba	insultabas	insultaba	insultábamos	insultabais	insultaban
	preterite	insulté	insultaste	insultó	insultamos	insultasteis	insultaron
	future	insultaré	insultarás	insultará	insultaremos	insultaréis	insultarán
	conditional	insultaría	insultarías	insultaría	insultaríamos	insultaríais	insultarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	insulte	insultestú insultésvos2	insulte	insultemos	insultéis	insulten
	imperfect (ra)	insultara	insultaras	insultara	insultáramos	insultarais	insultaran
	imperfect (se)	insultase	insultases	insultase	insultásemos	insultaseis	insultasen
	future1	insultare	insultares	insultare	insultáremos	insultareis	insultaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		insultatú insultávos	insulte	insultemos	insultad	insulten
	negative		no insultes	no insulte	no insultemos	no insultéis	no insulten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of insultar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive insultar	dative	insultarme	insultarte	insultarle, insultarse	insultarnos	insultaros	insultarles, insultarse
	accusative	insultarme	insultarte	insultarlo, insultarla, insultarse	insultarnos	insultaros	insultarlos, insultarlas, insultarse
with gerund insultando	dative	insultándome	insultándote	insultándole, insultándose	insultándonos	insultándoos	insultándoles, insultándose
	accusative	insultándome	insultándote	insultándolo, insultándola, insultándose	insultándonos	insultándoos	insultándolos, insultándolas, insultándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative insulta	dative	insúltame	insúltate	insúltale	insúltanos	not used	insúltales
	accusative	insúltame	insúltate	insúltalo, insúltala	insúltanos	not used	insúltalos, insúltalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative insultá	dative	insultame	insultate	insultale	insultanos	not used	insultales
	accusative	insultame	insultate	insultalo, insultala	insultanos	not used	insultalos, insultalas
with formal second-person singular imperative insulte	dative	insúlteme	not used	insúltele, insúltese	insúltenos	not used	insúlteles
	accusative	insúlteme	not used	insúltelo, insúltela, insúltese	insúltenos	not used	insúltelos, insúltelas
with first-person plural imperative insultemos	dative	not used	insultémoste	insultémosle	insultémonos	insultémoos	insultémosles
	accusative	not used	insultémoste	insultémoslo, insultémosla	insultémonos	insultémoos	insultémoslos, insultémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative insultad	dative	insultadme	not used	insultadle	insultadnos	insultaos	insultadles
	accusative	insultadme	not used	insultadlo, insultadla	insultadnos	insultaos	insultadlos, insultadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative insulten	dative	insúltenme	not used	insúltenle	insúltennos	not used	insúltenles, insúltense
	accusative	insúltenme	not used	insúltenlo, insúltenla	insúltennos	not used	insúltenlos, insúltenlas, insúltense

Related terms

• insolente
• insulto
• salir

Further reading

• “insultar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10