mieć
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьměti. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mieć impf
- to have, to be in possession of
- to have, to hold (to contain in one's hands)
- to have (to host someone or be hosted)
- (in collocation with some nouns) to do
- to consider someone as something
- to be supposed to, to have to
- (with the passive participle) to have (e.g. to have something (that is) cooked)
- (reflexive with się) to behave
- (reflexive with się) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)
Declension
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “mieć”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio 1; “mieć”: (file) Audio 2; “mieć”: (file) Audio 3; “mieć się”: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛt͡ɕ
- Syllabification: mieć
- Homophone: miedź
Etymology 1
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish mieć.
Verb
[edit]mieć impf (frequentative miewać)
- (transitive) to have
- Mam kota. ― I have a cat.
- Mam daleko do szkoły. ― It's a long way to school for me. (literally, “I have [it] far to school.”)
- (intransitive) to be some age
- Mam 22 lata. ― I am 22 years old. (literally, “I have 22 years.”)
- (transitive) used as a semantically weak verb with some nouns
- Mam bzika na ich punkcie. ― I'm crazy about them.
- (transitive, colloquial) to have, to have sex with
- Chyba nigdy chłopa nie miała. ― She probably never had a man.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:uprawiać seks
- (transitive) to consider someone as something [with za (+ accusative)]
- Miałem Cię za przyjaciela. ― I considered you my friend.
- Masz się za lepszego? ― You think you are better? (literally, “You consider yourself better?”)
- (with the passive participle) to have (e.g. to have something (that is) cooked)
- Mam cały wieczór zaplanowany. ― I have the whole evening planned.
- (auxiliary, intransitive) expresses obligation; to be supposed to, must, to have to, to need to; should, shall
- Mamy iść na zakupy. ― We're supposed to go shopping.
- Czy mam zaparzyć herbatę? ― Should/Shall I brew some tea?
- (auxiliary, formal, in the past) creates a future in the past; would, was going to
- Ten chłopiec miał w przyszłości zostać wielkim naukowcem. ― This boy would in the future become a great scientist.
- (auxiliary, intransitive, in the past, evidential) denotes that something might not have happened despite earlier beliefs; to be supposed to, must, to have to, to need to
- System informatyczny miał obsługiwać klientów. ― The IT system was supposed to serve customers
- (auxiliary, intransitive, in the past, evidential) denotes uncertain, unverified information; allegedly, supposedly
- Mężczyzna miał wykrzykiwać obraźliwe hasła. ― The man was allegedly shouting obscenities.
- (intransitive) to feel something
- Miałem do niego żal o to. ― I resented him for that.
- (reflexive with się) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)
- Jak się masz? ― How are you?
- (reflexive with się) to appear, to bode [with ku (+ dative)]
- Dzień miał się ku końcowi. ― The day was coming to an end.
- (reflexive with się) to be in relation to something [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’]
- Jak to się ma do tematu? ― How is this related to the subject?
- (reflexive with się, obsolete) to head somewhere [with ku (+ dative) or w (+ accusative)]
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to behave
- Synonym: zachowywać się
- Synonym: działać
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to address, to turn towards
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to function
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be had
Usage notes
[edit]- While the passive participle miany is attested and used in passive constructions, this is generally rare. Impersonal constructions using się are usually preferred for a similar use.
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]nouns
phrases
verbs
- mieć Boga w sercu impf
- mieć coś z życia impf
- mieć na imię impf
- mieć nadzieję impf
- mieć się na baczności impf
- mieć zryty beret impf
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]mieć
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), mieć is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 341 times in scientific texts, 207 times in news, 393 times in essays, 547 times in fiction, and 1103 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2591 times, making it the 17th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- mieć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- mieć in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “mieć”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “mieć się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “MIEĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.02.2022
- “MIEĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20 January 2023
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “mieć”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “mieć”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “Mieć, Imieć, Mać, Miewać, Miewować, Miewywać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 948
M. Arcta Słownik Staropolski/Mieć on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource pl
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish mieć.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mieć impf
- (transitive) to have
- (intransitive) to feel something
- (auxiliary, intransitive) to be supposed to must, to have to, to need to
- (transitive) to consider someone as something [with za (+ accusative)]
- (reflexive with sie) to fare (to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad)
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nem-
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁em-
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish imperfective verbs
- Old Polish reflexive verbs
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡ɕ/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁em-
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nem-
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish intransitive verbs
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish auxiliary verbs
- Polish formal terms
- Polish reflexive verbs
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish verb forms
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁em-
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nem-
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Silesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛt͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛt͡ɕ/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian verbs
- Silesian imperfective verbs
- Silesian transitive verbs
- Silesian intransitive verbs
- Silesian auxiliary verbs
- Silesian reflexive verbs