powód
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść. First attested in 1299.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]powód m animacy unattested (related adjective powodny)
- (law, attested in Masovia) plaintiff
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:
- Powodowye (actores) theesz bi swogych zaloob alybo rzeczy nye wiproozznyeny, wstawyami
- [Powodowie (actores) też by swojich żałob alibo rzeczy nie wyproźnieni, ustawiamy]
- (law) legal guardian, representative
- 1856-1870 [1444], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki[2], volume II, number 3203:
- Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu
- [Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu]
- (law, attested in Lesser Poland) right to bring a lawsuit
- 1934 [1460], Leon Białkowski, editor, Lubelska księga podkomorska piętnastego wieku. Liber succamerarii terrae Lublinensis saeculi XV[3], Lublin, page 88:
- Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskal accionem al. powodv
- [Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskał accionem al. powodu]
- (attested in Southern Borderlands) civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1868 [1455], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[5], volume XIV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 437:
- Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos v *otbydzv, propter hoc wsdaly eos sicut na povodu secundum modum terrestrem
- [Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos w otbyciu, propter hoc wzdali eos sicut na powodu secundum modum terrestrem]
Derived terms
[edit]adjectives
nouns
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “powód 1-2”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “powód 1-2”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “powód 1-4”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “powód”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
- Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “powód”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal from powieść.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]powód m inan (related adjective powodowy)
- cause, reason [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]
- Synonym: przyczyna
- Nie miał żadnego powodu, żeby kłamać. ― He had no reason to lie.
- lead (strap or rope connected to a bridle on which a horse is led)
- (obsolete) leading (act of leading)
- (obsolete) argument, reasoning
- (obsolete, in the plural, mining) strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining
- (Middle Polish) consultation
- Synonym: doradztwo
- (Middle Polish) model (example that people follow)
- Synonym: wzór
- (Middle Polish) origin, source; beginning
- (Middle Polish) course of events
- Synonym: przebieg
- (Middle Polish) premise (basis of inference)
- Synonym: przesłanka
- (Middle Polish) topic (subject of discussion)
- Synonym: temat
- (Middle Polish, law) proceedings; case
- (Middle Polish) success
- Synonyms: pomyślność, powodzenie
- (Middle Polish) civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)
- (Middle Polish) civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport
Declension
[edit]Declension of powód
Derived terms
[edit]prepositions
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), powód is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 19 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 19 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 98 times, making it the 645th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Noun
[edit]powód m pers (female equivalent powódka)
- (law) plaintiff
- (Middle Polish) leader (one who leads)
- Synonym: przywódca
- (Middle Polish) initiator, causer
- Synonym: przywódca
Declension
[edit]Declension of powód
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “powód”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “powód”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[7] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “powód”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “POWÓD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.05.2021
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 860
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish deverbals
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ- (lead)
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- zlw-opl:Law
- Masovia Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Southern Borderlands Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- zlw-opl:People
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ- (lead)
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish deverbals
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔvut/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Mining
- pl:Law
- Polish personal nouns
- pl:Male people