ruda

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ruda"

Translingual

Etymology

First employed for Pellicia ruda Mabille & Boullet 1916 (since synonymised with Nisoniades macarius), this epithet appears to be a mistakenly-formed feminine equivalent of the Latin rūdus n (“lump [esp. of copper or bronze], roof tile, débris, rubble”, noun), which was employed appositively in the forepublished Unio rudus Lea 1859 (since synonymised with Diplodon delodontus), but which had the appearance of a second-declension masculine adjective. A corresponding neuter form, *rudum appears not yet to have been employed.

Adjective

ruda f

1. having reddish, brownish, or ochraceous colouring

Derived terms

• Creightonella ruda
• Epignoma ruda
• Nothotrichocera ruda
• Pellicia ruda
• Saturnia ruda

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rūta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈru.ðə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈru.ða]

Noun

ruda f (plural rudes)

1. (botany) rue

Further reading

• “ruda”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], 2007 April

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈruda]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ruda f

1. ore

Declension

Declension of ruda (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	ruda	rudy
genitive	rudy	rud
dative	rudě	rudám
accusative	rudu	rudy
vocative	rudo	rudy
locative	rudě	rudách
instrumental	rudou	rudami

Further reading

• “ruda”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ruda”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾˠʊd̪ˠə/

Noun

ruda m

1. genitive singular of rud

Latgalian

Noun

ruda f

1. ore

Latvian

Adjective

ruda

1. inflection of ruds:
   1. genitive masculine singular
   2. nominative feminine singular

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rudas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Compare Latvian ruds.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [rʊˈdɐ]

Noun

rudà f (plural rùdos)

1. brown

Declension

Declension of rudà

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	rudà	rùdos
genitive (kilmininkas)	rudõs	rudų̃
dative (naudininkas)	rùdai	rudóms
accusative (galininkas)	rùdą	rudàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	rudà	rudomi̇̀s
locative (vietininkas)	rudojè	rudosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	rùda	rùdos

Adjective

ruda

1. nominative/instrumental/vocative feminine singular of rudas

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [ˈrʊ.dɐ]

Noun

ruda f

1. vocative singular of ruda

Adjective

rùda

1. neuter of rudas

See also

Colors in Lithuanian · spalvos (layout · text)

balta	pilka	juoda
raudona	oranžinė; ruda	geltona; gelsva
žalsva	žalia	elektrinė
žydra	dangaus mėlyna	mėlyna
violetinė	purpurinė; violetinė	rožinė, rūžava

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruda/

Noun

ruda f

1. ore
2. (specifically) bog iron ore

   Synonyms: bryła, žygaź

Declension

Declension of ruda

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ruda	ruźe	rudy
Genitive	rudy	rudowu	rudow
Dative	ruźe	rudoma	rudam
Accusative	rudu	ruźe	rudy
Instrumental	rudu	rudoma	rudami
Locative	ruźe	rudoma	rudach

Derived terms

• rudawy

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “ruda”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “ruda”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin rūta (“rue”), from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ruda f (plural rudas)

1. rue (plant)

Dialectal variants

• arruda (Gascony)
• arrua (Gascony)

References

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 569.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.da/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uda
• Syllabification: ru‧da
• Homophone: Ruda

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Noun

ruda f

1. (geology, mining) ore

Declension

Declension of ruda

	singular	plural
nominative	ruda	rudy
genitive	rudy	rud
dative	rudzie	rudom
accusative	rudę	rudy
instrumental	rudą	rudami
locative	rudzie	rudach
vocative	rudo	rudy

Derived terms

adjectives

• bezrudny
• rudny

Etymology 2

From rudy +‎ -a.

Adjective

ruda

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of rudy

Noun

ruda f (male equivalent rudy)

1. (nominalized, colloquial) female equivalent of rudy (“redhead; ginger; redhaired woman or girl”)

   Synonym: ryża

Declension

Declension of ruda

	singular	plural
nominative	ruda	rude
genitive	rudej	rudych
dative	rudej	rudym
accusative	rudą	rude
instrumental	rudą	rudymi
locative	rudej	rudych
vocative	ruda	rude

Further reading

• ruda in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ruda in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rǔːda/
• Hyphenation: ru‧da

Noun

rúda f (Cyrillic spelling ру́да)

1. ore, mineral

Declension

Declension of ruda

	singular	plural
nominative	ruda	rude
genitive	rude	ruda
dative	rudi	rudama
accusative	rudu	rude
vocative	rudo	rude
locative	rudi	rudama
instrumental	rudom	rudama

Adjective

ruda

1. inflection of rud:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
   3. indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
   4. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈruda]

Noun

ruda f (relational adjective rudný)

1. ore

Declension

Declension of ruda
(pattern žena)

	singular	plural
nominative	ruda	rudy
genitive	rudy	rúd
dative	rude	rudám
accusative	rudu	rudy
locative	rude	rudách
instrumental	rudou	rudami

Further reading

• “ruda”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ruda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rùːda/

Noun

rúda f

1. ore (rock that contains utilitarian materials)

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nominative	rúda
genitive	rúde
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rúda
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rúde
dative (dajȃlnik)	rúdi
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rúdo
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rúdi
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rúdo

Further reading

• “ruda”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruda/ [ˈru.ð̞a]
• Rhymes: -uda
• Syllabification: ru‧da

Etymology 1

From Latin rūta (“rue”), from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).

Noun

ruda f (plural rudas)

1. rue (plant)

Derived terms

• ruda cabruna
• ruda montesina

Etymology 2

See rudo.

Noun

ruda f (plural rudas)

1. female equivalent of rudo (“wrestling villian”)

Adjective

ruda

1. feminine singular of rudo

Further reading

• “ruda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rudà.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʀuda/
• Rhymes: -uda
• Hyphenation: ru‧da
• Syllabification: ru‧da

Noun

ruda f

1. (geology) ore (mineral used in the industrial production of a metal)

Declension

Declension of ruda (feminine hard stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ruda	rudźe	rudy
genitive	rudy	rudow	rudow
dative	rudźe	rudomaj	rudam
accusative	rudu	rudźe	rudy
instrumental	rudu	rudomaj	rudami
locative	rudźe	rudomaj	rudach
vocative	ruda	rudźe	rudy

References

• “ruda” in Soblex

Venetan

Alternative forms

• rua

Etymology

From Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ). Compare Italian ruta.

Noun

ruda f (plural rude)

1. rue (plant)