tanggung

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt̪aŋ.ɡʊŋ]
• Hyphenation: tang‧gung

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ

Malay tanggung

Indonesian tanggung

From Malay tanggung, from Classical Malay تڠݢوڠ (tanggung), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

Verb

tanggung

1. to bear (a burden, loss, etc.)
2. to assume a risk
3. to guarantee; to warrantee; to be responsible for
4. to hold someone accountable or liable for
5. to take up a question, address

Conjugation

Conjugation of tanggung (meng-, intransitive)

root	tanggung
	active	passive		imperative colloquial	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
active	menanggung	tertanggung	ditanggung	tanggung	tanggunglah
locative	menanggungi	tertanggungi	ditanggungi	tanggungi	tanggungilah
perfective causative / applicative2	menanggungkan	tertanggungkan	ditanggungkan	tanggungkan	tanggungkanlah
	causative
active	mempertanggung	terpertanggung	dipertanggung	pertanggung	pertanggunglah
locative	mempertanggungi	terpertanggungi	dipertanggungi	pertanggungi	pertanggungilah
perfective causative / applicative2	mempertanggungkan	terpertanggungkan	dipertanggungkan	pertanggungkan	pertanggungkanlah

¹ There is other form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• tanggung aib
• tanggung akibat
• tanggung budi
• tanggung bulan
• tanggung derita
• tanggung gugat
• tanggung jawab
• tanggung jelas
• tanggung jiwa
• tanggung kasih
• tanggung malu
• tanggung pinjaman
• tanggung ragam
• tanggung rahasia
• tanggung renteng
• tanggung rindu
• tanggung rugi
• tanggung sabar
• tanggung sakit
• tanggung sengsara
• tanggung wajib

Adjective

tanggung

1. guaranteed

Etymology 2

From Javanese tanggung.

Adjective

tanggung

1. medium; not quite adequate or enough (in quantity, size, etc.)
2. not quite on time; just too late
3. difficult (of choice, moment, etc.)

Further reading

• “tanggung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

tanggung

1. Romanization of ꦠꦁꦒꦸꦁ

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtaŋɡuŋ/ [ˈt̪aŋ.ɡuŋ]
• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [ˈt̪äŋ.ɡʊŋ], [ˈt̪äŋ.ɡoŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɡoŋ, -oŋ, -ʊŋ
• Rhymes: -ɡuŋ, -uŋ

Verb

tanggung (Jawi spelling تڠݢوڠ)

1. to support on the shoulder
2. to bear up a heavy weight from below
3. (figurative) to bear up under trouble or misfortune
4. (figurative) to stand security for another

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penanggung [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• penanggungan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• tanggungan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• menanggung [agent focus] (meN-)
• menanggungkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• ditanggung [patient focus] (di-)
• ditanggungkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• tertanggung [agentless action] (teR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• tanggungjawab

Descendants

• Indonesian: tanggung

Further reading

• “tanggung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.