View source for 弓

{{also|弖|弔}}
{{character info}}
{{character info|⼸}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|type=animate}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=57|rad=弓|as=00|sn=3|four=17207|canj=N|ids=⿱コ㇉}}

# {{mul-kangxi radical-def}}

====Derived characters====
* [[Appendix:Chinese radical/弓]]
* {{l|mul|[[𰁣]], [[𭇂]], [[𡉖]], [[𫝳]], [[𢁠]], [[𢖸]], [[㧈]], [[𬇗]], [[杛]], [[𰎉]], [[𭨧]], [[𧘏]], [[𥸲]], [[𥾏]], [[𮓶]], [[𧢺]], [[躬]], [[䩑]], [[𩨙]], [[𩾫]]}}
* {{l|mul|[[𢀶]], [[矤]], [[𫾰]], [[𬶿]], [[𧱶]], [[𡗝]], [[宆]], [[𡰬]], [[芎]], [[𥝙]], [[穹]], [[𥫤]], [[𩁽]], [[𪎔]], [[𦦎]], [[夷]], [[粥]], [[䰜]], [[𠰀]], [[𤵶]], [[虇]]}}

====See also====
* {{l|mul|[[發]], [[雋]]}}

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0356.010|dkj=09692|dj=0671.220|hdz=20987.110|uh=5F13|ud=24339|bh=A47D|bd=42109}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|alt=𭚥}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etyl}}
{{liushu|p}} – a bow.

===Etymology===
Possibly related to {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ||tree, branch, stem}} ({{zh-ref|Coblin, 1986}}), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with {{cog|my|ကိုင်း||to bend over; to be bent}}, {{m|my|အကိုင်း||stalk; branch}}, {{cog|ctd|tr=kung¹|t=tree}}, {{cog|kac|kung||to branch; to grow}}, {{m|kac|lakung|la'''kung'''|branch; limb}}, {{cog|lep|ᰀᰩᰵ|tr=kóng|t=branch}}, {{m|lep|ᰀᰫᰵ|tr=kúng|t=tree}} (STEDT).

{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} proposes that both {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|弓}} and {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ}} are derived from {{bor|zh|mkh-pro|*koŋ}}, whence {{cog|cbn|tr=kóoŋ|t=bent (in the middle)}}, {{cog|mnw|ကိုၚ်||to be bent}}, {{cog|km|កោង||to bend; to be bent}}, {{cog|kha|pyrkhung||to bend; to arch}}, {{cog|pcb|kuŋ||bend}}, {{cog|vi|cong||to be bent, curved}}.

Also compare {{cog|tbq-pro|*ku(ː)m||arched; vaulted}}

Derivatives are {{och-l|肱|(upper) arm}} and {{och-l|穹|arched; vault; sky}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=gōng
|m-s=gong1/jiong1
|dg=гун1
|c=gung1
|c-t=
|g=gung1
|h=pfs=kiûng;gd=giung1
|j=gung1
|mb=gé̤ng
|md=gṳ̆ng
|mn=keng/kiong
|mn_note=keng - vernacular; kiong - literary
|mn-t=gêng1
|w=sh:1kon
|x=gen1/gong1
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=zh-gōng.oga
|cat=n,a,v,cls,pn
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[bow]] {{gl|weapon}} {{zh-mw|張}}
# bow {{gl|of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult}} {{zh-mw|張}}
# [[curved]]; [[arched]]
# to [[arch]]; to [[bend]]
# {{lb|zh|Jiexi|_|Hakka}} [[rainbow]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} {{synonym of|zh|步|nodot=a}} {{q|a [[traditional]] [[Chinese]] [[unit]] of [[length]] and [[area]]}}
# {{surname|zh}}: [[Gong]]

====Synonyms====
* {{q|bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult}} {{zh-l|弓子}}
* {{s|to arch}} {{zh-l|彎曲}}
* {{s|rainbow}}
{{zh-dial|虹}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|弓背|弓箭|弓弩|弓身|弓弦|弓形|弓腰|弓子|一弓|主動脈弓|仲弓|傷弓之鳥|半弓|定弓田|定弓虛稅|左右開弓|弓不虛發|弓人|弓兒|弓兒扯滿|弓兵|弓冶|弓匠|弓套|弓弓|弓形鑽|弓影杯蛇|弓影浮杯|弓手|弓折矢盡|弓折箭盡|弓招|弓旌|弓極|弓步|弓漿蟲|弓琴|弓矛之士|弓矢|弓硯緣|弓箭手|弓箭步|弓腰曲背|弓蛇|弓裘|弓調馬服|弓足|弓鞋|弓鞬|弓韣|弓馬|弓鰭魚|弩弓|張弓拔刃|張弓挾矢|張弓簇箭|張羅彀弓|強弓硬弩|弸弓|彈弓|彎弓|彎弓搭箭|彤弓|彫弓|悶弓兒|手弓鋸|打背弓|扯弓搭箭|拈弓搭箭|拉硬弓|搭弩張弓|撥弓|杯弓蛇影|棄弓折箭|楚弓楚得|檀弓|櫜弓臥鼓|步弓|滿弓|烹犬藏弓|玈弓|玉弓|番弓|盤馬彎弓|硬弓|硬弩強弓|窄弓弓|窩弓|綿弓|繃弓|背弓|良弓|落背弓|角弓|調弓號猿|貫弓|開弓|關弓|韜弓|驚弓之鳥|鳥盡弓藏|天弓|開弦弓|弓蕉<tr:gung1 ziu1>|弓繳|琴弓|弓毛|弓根|弓師}}

====See also====
* {{zh-l|箭}}
* {{zh-l|矢}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

{{cat|cmn|Intermediate Mandarin}}
{{C|zh|Weapons|Archery}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=2|rs=弓00}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=く, くう
|kanon=きゅう<きゆう
|kun=たらし-, ゆ-, ゆみ-
|nanori=こ, ゆ
}}

===Etymology 1===
{{etymid|ja|yu}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆ}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=ゆ|-}}. In modern {{cog|ja|-}}, only found as a prefix in compounds.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ゆ}}

====Prefix====
{{ja-pos|prefix|ゆ}}

# a [[bow]], a bow [[shape]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|弓%懸|ゆ%がけ}}, {{ja-r|弽|ゆがけ}}, {{ja-r|韘|ゆがけ}}
* {{ja-r|弓%束|ゆ%づか}}, {{ja-r|弓%柄|ゆ%づか}}, {{ja-r|弣|ゆづか}}
* {{ja-r|弓%末|ゆ%ずえ}}
* {{ja-r|弓%弦|ゆ%づる|[[bowstring]]}}
* {{ja-r|弓%弭|ゆ%はず}}, {{ja-r|弓%筈|ゆ%はず}}, {{ja-r|弓%彇|ゆ%はず|[[nock]] on a [[bow]] where the [[bowstring]] sits}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|ja|yumi}}
<div style="float:right;">
{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (楽器)}}
{{wikipedia|Bow (music)}}
[[File:Bows-ViolaBassGdulkaKemence.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|弓}} (''yumi''): Four different types of '''bow'''.]]
{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (武器)}}
{{wikipedia|Bow and arrow}}
{{wikipedia|Yumi}}
[[File:Yumi-p1000624.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|弓}} (''yu'', ''yumi'', ''tarashi'', ''kyū''): Japanese '''bows''', arrows, and arrow-stand.]]
[[File:Yumi name of parts.svg|thumb|300px|Yumi bow parts names]]
</div>
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆみ}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=ゆみ|-}}.<ref name="KDJc">{{R:Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise}}</ref> Appears in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'' (c. 759 {{CE}}), with a phonetic spelling of {{m|ja|由美}} {{IPAfont|⟨yumi₁⟩, */yumʲi/}}.<ref name="MYS-5.804">{{RQ:Manyoshu|5|804}}</ref> A surface analysis suggests a combination of {{cog|ojp|弓|id=yu|tr=yu||bow}} + suffixing element ''mi'', phonologically distinct from {{noncog|ojp|身|tr=mi₂|ts=*mɨ||body}} but otherwise of uncertain derivation.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ゆみ|acc=2|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|ゆみ}}

# a [[bow]]:
## {{lb|ja|weaponry|sort=ゆみ}} a bow for shooting [[arrow]]s
## {{lb|ja|string instrument|sort=ゆみ}} a bow for playing a [[stringed instrument]] such as a [[violin]] or [[cello]]
# [[archery]]
# {{lb|ja|Shinto|sort=ゆみ}} a type of [[kagura]] (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away [[evil]]
# short for {{ja-r|破%魔 弓|は%ま ゆみ}}: a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
# a bow [[shape]], a [[curve]]
# a bow-shaped [[tool]] used to [[beat]] [[ginned]] [[cotton]] into a softer and finer [[textile]]

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{sense|archery}} {{ja-r|仗|つえ}}/{{ja-r|杖|つえ}}: [[yumi]] [[stave]]; {{ja-r|弦|つる}}: [[yumi]] [[bowstring]]; {{ja-r|矢|や}}: an [[arrow]] ({{ja-r|鏃|やじり}}: [[arrowhead]]s; {{ja-r|簳|やがら}}: arrow-[[shaft]]s; {{ja-r|羽|はね}}: arrow-[[fletching]]s); {{ja-r|靫|うつぼ}}): a [[quiver]]; {{ja-r|胸当て|むねあて}}: [[kyudo]] [[plastron]]/[[chestguard]]; {{ja-r|弽|ゆがけ}}: [[kyudo]] [[glove]]s; {{ja-r|弩|いしゆみ}}: a [[crossbow]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|和弓|わゆみ|[[Japanese]] [[bow]]/[[yumi]]}}
* {{ja-r|弓矢|ゆみや|[[bow and arrow]]}}
* {{ja-r|大弓|おおゆみ|[[stonebow]]}} {{q|in ancient times}}
* {{ja-r|梓弓|あずさゆみ|a [[bow]] made from the wood of the [[Japanese cherry birch]] (''[[Betula grossa]]''}}
* {{ja-r|破魔弓|はまゆみ|a [[traditional]] [[Shintō]] [[ceremonial]] [[bow]] for [[dispel]]ling [[evil]]}}
* {{ja-r|重籐弓|しげどうゆみ}}, {{ja-r|滋籐 弓|しげどう ゆみ}}, {{ja-r|繁籐 弓|しげどう ゆみ|a [[rattan]] wood bow}}
{{der-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{ja-r|ロングボウ||longbow}}

====Further reading====
* {{pedia|lang=ja|弓_(武器)}} (archery)
* {{pedia|Yumi|Yumi (Japanese archery bow)}}
* {{pedia|lang=ja|弓_(楽器)}} (music)
* {{pedia|Bow_(music)}}

===Etymology 3===
{{etymid|ja|tarashi}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|たらし}}

Alteration from ''torashi'', {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of verb ''torasu'', from ''tora'' as the {{m|ja|未然形|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} of verb {{m|ja|取る|tr=toru||to take}} + {{m|ja|す|tr=su|pos=honorific suffix in {{cog|ojp|-}}}}. Original meaning was “something kept [[to hand]]”.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/>

====Alternative forms====
* {{ja-l|執}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|たらし}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|たらし}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=たらし|rare|honorific}} an [[archery]] [[bow]], particularly one belonging to a [[noble]]

=====Synonyms=====
* {{ja-r|御%執|み%たらし|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|御%弓|み%たらし}}

===Etymology 4===
{{etymid|ja|kyuu}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|きゅう}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=きゅう|-}} {{ltc-l|弓}}.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> Compare modern {{cog|cmn|-}} {{m|zh|弓|tr=gōng}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|きゅう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|きゅう}}

# {{lb|ja|rare|sort=きゅう}} a [[bow]]
# {{lb|ja|obsolete|sort=きゅう}} in [[ancient]] [[Chinese]] [[archery]], a [[unit]] of [[length]] for measuring the [[distance]] between the [[archer]] and the [[target]]; one ''kyū'' was equal to six {{m|ja|尺|tr=shaku}}, roughly six [[feet]] or 182 [[centimeter]]s
# {{lb|ja|obsolete|sort=きゅう}} in [[ancient]] [[China]], a [[unit]] of [[length]] for [[survey]]ing [[land]]; one ''kyū'' was equal to eight {{m|ja|尺|tr=shaku}}, roughly eight [[feet]] or 242 [[centimeter]]s

=====Usage notes=====
In modern {{noncog|ja|-}}, the reading ''kyū'' is most often found in compounds.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|胡%弓|こ%きゅう}}: a [[traditional]] [[Chinese]] [[fiddle]]
* {{ja-r|弓%道|きゅう%どう}}: [[archery]] as a [[martial art]]
* {{ja-r|大%弓|だい%きゅう}}: a [[great]] [[bow]], a [[long bow]]
* {{ja-r|半%弓|はん%きゅう}}: a [[half]] [[bow]], a [[short bow]]
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==
[[image:Hun bow.jpg|thumb|right|<big>弓</big> <br> the shape of the Hun bow]]

===Etymology===
{{rfe|ko|Middle Korean readings, if any}}

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-hanja-pron|궁}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|활|궁}}

# {{hanja form of|궁|[[bow]] (for shooting [[arrow]]s}}

====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|궁도|弓道|archery}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=cung, cong, củng|rs=弓00}}

# a [[bow]]

===Compounds===
hình cung ([[形弓]]): an [[arc]]

[[Category:CJKV radicals| ]]