spirit

See also Spirit, and špirit

English

Etymology

Middle English spirit, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Compare inspire, respire, transpire, all ultimately from Latin spīrō (“I breathe, blow, respire”). Displaced native Middle English gast (“spirit”) (from Old English gāst (“breath, soul, spirit”)).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA: /ˈspɪɹɪt/
• (US) IPA: /ˈspiɹɪt/, /ˈspɪɹɪt/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪrɪt
• Hyphenation: spir‧it

Noun

spirit (plural spirits)

1. The undying essence of a human. The soul.
2. A supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel.
3. enthusiasm

   School spirit is at an all-time high.

   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, BBC Sport:

     The result may not quite give the Wearsiders a sweet ending to what has been a sour week, following allegations of sexual assault and drug possession against defender Titus Bramble, but it does at least demonstrate that their spirit remains strong in the face of adversity.

4. The manner or style of something.

   In the spirit of forgiveness, we didn't press charges.

5. (usually plural) A volatile liquid, such as alcohol. The plural form spirits is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages.
6. Energy.

Related terms

Derived terms

community spirit free spirit Holy Spirit in good spirits in spirit (adverb) in the spirit it was meant (idiom) kindred spirit methlyated spirit party spirit petroleum spirit proof spirit pyroacetic spirit rectified spirit shad-spirit spirited spiritous spiritual spiritually spirituality spirit away (verb)

spirit gum spirit lamp spirit level spirit off spirit of hartshorn spirit of salt spirit of the law spirit of turpentine spirit of vitriol spirit of wine spirit rapper/spirit rapping spirit stove spirit world spirit writing surgical spirit team spirit that's the spirit the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak white spirit wood spirit zombie spirit

Look at pages starting with spirit.

Translations

the soul of a person or other living being

Afrikaans: gees (af) Arabic: روح (rúaħ) m. and f. Egyptian Arabic: روح (roḥ) f. Aramaic: Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ (rūħā’) c. Hebrew: רוחא (rūħā’) c. Chamicuro: sana'ne Chinese: 精神 (cmn) (jīngshén) Czech: duch (cs) m. Danish: ånd (da) c., sjæl (da) c. Dutch: geest (nl) m. Esperanto: spirito (eo) Estonian: hing (et) Finnish: henki (fi), sielu (fi) French: esprit (fr) m. Georgian: სული (ka) German: Geist (de) m., Seele (de) f. Greek: πνεύμα (el) (pnévma) n. Hebrew: רוח (ruaħ) m. and f. Hungarian: szellem (hu), lélek (hu) Indonesian: jiwa (id) Interlingua: spirito (ia) Italian: spirito (it) m. Japanese: 精神 (ja) (せいしん, seishin) Korean: 넋 (neogs, neok), 얼 (eor, -l), 정신 (精神, jeongsin)

Latgalian: gors, dvēsele Latin: spiritus (la), animus (la) m. Latvian: gars (lv), dvēsele (lv) Lithuanian: dvasia (lt), šmėkla (lt) Maori: wairua (mi) Old English: hyġe (ang) m., gāst (ang) m. Old Irish: spirut m. Polish: dusza (pl) f. Portuguese: espírito (pt) m. Romanian: suflet (ro) n., spirit (ro) Russian: душа (ru) (dušá) f. Scottish Gaelic: anam m., aigne f., spiorad m. Serbian: duh (sr) m. Slovak: duch (sk) m. Slovene: duša (sl) f. Sotho: moya (st) Spanish: espíritu (es) m., alma (es) m. Swahili: roho (sw) Swedish: ande (sv) c., själ (sv) n. Tagalog: espiritu (tl), kaluluwa (tl) Telugu: గుండె ధైర్యము (te) (gunde dhairyamu) Turkish: ruh (tr) West Frisian: geast (fy) c.  !Xóõ: !náã-sé, !náã

a supernatural being

Afrikaans: gees (af) Arabic: روح (rúaħ) m. and f. Aramaic: Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ (rūħā’) c. Hebrew: רוחא (rūħā’) c. Chinese: 幽灵 (cmn) (yōulíng) Czech: duch (cs) m. Danish: ånd (da) c. Dutch: geest (nl) m. Estonian: vaim (et) Finnish: henki (fi), haamu (fi), henkiolento (fi) French: esprit (fr) m. Georgian: სული (ka) German: Geist (de) m. Greek: πνεύμα (el) (pnévma) n. Hebrew: רוח (ruaħ) m. and f. Hungarian: szellem (hu) Indonesian: ruh (id)

Italian: spirito (it) m. Japanese: 妖怪 (ようかい, yōkai) Korean: 귀신 (鬼神, gwisin), (obsolete) 굿것 (gusgeos, gutgeot) Latin: genius (la), spiritus (la), animus (la) m. Navajo: níłchʼi Old Irish: spirut m. Polish: duch (pl) m. Portuguese: espírito (pt) m. Romanian: duh (ro) n. Russian: привидение (ru) (prividénije) n. Scottish Gaelic: taibhse f., spiorad m., tannasg m., sgàile (gd) f. Serbian: duh (sr) m. Slovak: duch (sk) m. Slovene: duh (sl) m. Spanish: espíritu (es) m. Swedish: ande (sv) c., vålnad (sv) n. Tagalog: espiritu (tl), multo (tl) Telugu: అత్యుత్సాహవంతుడు (te) (atyutsahavantudu)

enthusiasm

Afrikaans: gees (af) Chinese: simp. 勇气 (cmn) trad. 勇氣 (cmn) (yǒngqì) , 精神 (cmn) (jingshén) Danish: liv (da) n., mod (da) n., kraft (da) c. Finnish: henki (fi) French: esprit (fr) m. Georgian: სული (ka) Hungarian: kedv (hu), szellem (hu) Indonesian: semangat (id) Italian: spirito (it) m. Korean: 기풍 (氣風, gipung)

Latin: animus (la) m. Polish: duch (pl) m. Romanian: spirit (ro) n. Russian: дух (duχ) m. Scottish Gaelic: meanmna m., spailp m., misneachd f., smior m., spiorad (gd) m. Serbian: duh (sr) m. Slovene: duh (sl) m. Spanish: espíritu (es) m. Swedish: anda (sv) c. Telugu: కుతూహలము (te) (kutuhalamu)

manner or style

Czech: duch (cs) m. Danish: ånd (da) c. Finnish: henki (fi), tapa (fi) French: élan (fr) m., esprit (fr) m. Greek: πνεύμα (el) (pnévma) n. Italian: spirito (it) m. Latin: animus (la) m.

Polish: duch (pl) m. Romanian: spirit (ro) n. Serbian: duh (sr) m. Slovak: duch (sk) m. Slovene: duh (sl) m. Swedish: anda (sv) c. Telugu: వ్యక్తిత్వము (te) (vyaktitvamu)

alcohol

Afrikaans: spiritus (af) Danish: spiritus (da) c., sprit (da) c., alkohol (da) c. Estonian: piiritus Finnish: alkoholi (fi), sprii (fi), viina (fi), pirtu (fi) German: Schnaps (de) m., (slang) Sprit (de) m., Alkohol (de) m. Greek: οινόπνευμα (el) (oinópnevma) n. Hungarian: alkohol (hu), szeszes ital (hu) Italian: spirito (it) m. Korean: 주정 (酒精, jujeong), 알코올 (alkool) Latin: alcohol (la) n.

Polish: alkohol (pl) m., spirytus (pl) m. Portuguese: álcool (pt) m. Romanian: tărie (ro) f. Russian: алкоголь (ru) (alkogól’) m., спирт (ru) (spirt) m. Scottish Gaelic: spiorad (gd) m. Serbian: alkohol (sr) m. Slovene: špirit (sl) m. Spanish: alcohol (es) m., bebida espirituosa (es) f. Swedish: sprit (sv) c., alkohol (sv) c.

See also

• ghost
• soul

Verb

spirit (third-person singular simple present spirits, present participle spiriting, simple past and past participle spirited)

1. To carry off, especially in haste, secrecy, or mystery.
   • 2009 February 8, Dave Kehr, “Buñuel at His Wildest, in Circulation Again”, New York Times:

     God does not make an appearance, but the Devil (Ms. Pinal) emphatically does: first in the guise of a schoolgirl who tries to lure Simon down with the sight of her shapely legs; then as a bearded but blatantly female Jesus carrying a lamb; and finally as a stylishly coiffed woman who succeeds in spiriting Simon off, by means of a jet, to a Manhattan discotheque — Buñuel’s persuasive idea of hell.

Statistics

• Most common English words before 1923: early · saying · talk · #450: spirit · sometimes · account · party

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Romanian

Etymology

Latin spiritus

Noun

spirit n. (plural spirite)

1. spirit, ghost
2. essence, psyche
3. wit, genius
4. manner, style

Declension

declension of spirit

	singular		plural
gender n.	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	un spirit	spiritul	niște spirite	spiritele
genitive/dative	unui spirit	spiritului	unor spirite	spiritelor

See also

• nălucă