sula

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sula"

Balinese

Romanization

sula

1. Romanization of ᬲᬸᬮ
2. Romanization of ᬰᬹᬮ

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈla/ [suˈl̪a]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: su‧la

Noun

sulá (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)

1. a glare; a dazzle; a strong blinding light

   Synonyms: silaw, suriaw

Derived terms

• magsula
• makasula
• masula
• sulahon

 

Cebuano

Alternative forms

• suwa

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧la
• IPA^(key): /suˈlaʔ/ [s̪ʊˈl̪aʔ]

Noun

sulâ (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)

1. viand

Derived terms

• manula
• mosula
• sulaan

 

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulah.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧la
• IPA^(key): /suˈla/ [s̪ʊˈl̪a]

Noun

sulá (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)

1. blade of a leaf

Derived terms

• sulahan

 

See also

• dahon

 

Dupaningan Agta

Noun

sula

1. cigarette

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *sula, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sula, cognate with Estonian sula. More distant cognates include Moksha соламс (solams), Komi-Permyak сывны (syvny), Udmurt сыл-сыл (syl-syl), Hungarian olvad and Southern Khanty тӑтә (tătə).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠ulɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧la

Adjective

sula (comparative sulempi, superlative sulin)

1. molten, melted
2. (of bodies of water) not covered in ice, not frozen, thawed
3. (intensifier) sheer, pure, outright, utter

   sula mahdottomuus ― an utter impossibility

   se oli sulaa hulluutta ― it was pure madness

Declension

Inflection of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		sula	sulat
genitive		sulan	sulien
partitive		sulaa	sulia
illative		sulaan	suliin
		singular	plural
nominative		sula	sulat
accusative	nom.	sula	sulat
	gen.	sulan
genitive		sulan	sulien sulain rare
partitive		sulaa	sulia
inessive		sulassa	sulissa
elative		sulasta	sulista
illative		sulaan	suliin
adessive		sulalla	sulilla
ablative		sulalta	sulilta
allative		sulalle	sulille
essive		sulana	sulina
translative		sulaksi	suliksi
abessive		sulatta	sulitta
instructive		—	sulin
comitative		—	suline

Possessive forms of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sulani sulani accusative nom. sulani sulani gen. sulani genitive sulani sulieni sulaini rare partitive sulaani suliani inessive sulassani sulissani elative sulastani sulistani illative sulaani suliini adessive sulallani sulillani ablative sulaltani suliltani allative sulalleni sulilleni essive sulanani sulinani translative sulakseni sulikseni abessive sulattani sulittani instructive — — comitative — sulineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sulasi sulasi accusative nom. sulasi sulasi gen. sulasi genitive sulasi suliesi sulaisi rare partitive sulaasi suliasi inessive sulassasi sulissasi elative sulastasi sulistasi illative sulaasi suliisi adessive sulallasi sulillasi ablative sulaltasi suliltasi allative sulallesi sulillesi essive sulanasi sulinasi translative sulaksesi suliksesi abessive sulattasi sulittasi instructive — — comitative — sulinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sulamme sulamme accusative nom. sulamme sulamme gen. sulamme genitive sulamme suliemme sulaimme rare partitive sulaamme suliamme inessive sulassamme sulissamme elative sulastamme sulistamme illative sulaamme suliimme adessive sulallamme sulillamme ablative sulaltamme suliltamme allative sulallemme sulillemme essive sulanamme sulinamme translative sulaksemme suliksemme abessive sulattamme sulittamme instructive — — comitative — sulinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sulanne sulanne accusative nom. sulanne sulanne gen. sulanne genitive sulanne sulienne sulainne rare partitive sulaanne sulianne inessive sulassanne sulissanne elative sulastanne sulistanne illative sulaanne suliinne adessive sulallanne sulillanne ablative sulaltanne suliltanne allative sulallenne sulillenne essive sulananne sulinanne translative sulaksenne suliksenne abessive sulattanne sulittanne instructive — — comitative — sulinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sulansa sulansa accusative nom. sulansa sulansa gen. sulansa genitive sulansa suliensa sulainsa rare partitive sulaansa suliaan suliansa inessive sulassaan sulassansa sulissaan sulissansa elative sulastaan sulastansa sulistaan sulistansa illative sulaansa suliinsa adessive sulallaan sulallansa sulillaan sulillansa ablative sulaltaan sulaltansa suliltaan suliltansa allative sulalleen sulallensa sulilleen sulillensa essive sulanaan sulanansa sulinaan sulinansa translative sulakseen sulaksensa sulikseen suliksensa abessive sulattaan sulattansa sulittaan sulittansa instructive — — comitative — sulineen sulinensa

Noun

sula

1. melt, molten material (any molten substance)

   kivisula ― molten rock

   voisula ― molten butter

2. (metallurgy) smelt (any of the various liquids or semi-molten solids produced and used during the course of production of metal in a smelting process that involves melting and chemical reduction of metal compounds into purified metal)

Declension

Inflection of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		sula	sulat
genitive		sulan	sulien
partitive		sulaa	sulia
illative		sulaan	suliin
		singular	plural
nominative		sula	sulat
accusative	nom.	sula	sulat
	gen.	sulan
genitive		sulan	sulien sulain rare
partitive		sulaa	sulia
inessive		sulassa	sulissa
elative		sulasta	sulista
illative		sulaan	suliin
adessive		sulalla	sulilla
ablative		sulalta	sulilta
allative		sulalle	sulille
essive		sulana	sulina
translative		sulaksi	suliksi
abessive		sulatta	sulitta
instructive		—	sulin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sulani sulani accusative nom. sulani sulani gen. sulani genitive sulani sulieni sulaini rare partitive sulaani suliani inessive sulassani sulissani elative sulastani sulistani illative sulaani suliini adessive sulallani sulillani ablative sulaltani suliltani allative sulalleni sulilleni essive sulanani sulinani translative sulakseni sulikseni abessive sulattani sulittani instructive — — comitative — sulineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sulasi sulasi accusative nom. sulasi sulasi gen. sulasi genitive sulasi suliesi sulaisi rare partitive sulaasi suliasi inessive sulassasi sulissasi elative sulastasi sulistasi illative sulaasi suliisi adessive sulallasi sulillasi ablative sulaltasi suliltasi allative sulallesi sulillesi essive sulanasi sulinasi translative sulaksesi suliksesi abessive sulattasi sulittasi instructive — — comitative — sulinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sulamme sulamme accusative nom. sulamme sulamme gen. sulamme genitive sulamme suliemme sulaimme rare partitive sulaamme suliamme inessive sulassamme sulissamme elative sulastamme sulistamme illative sulaamme suliimme adessive sulallamme sulillamme ablative sulaltamme suliltamme allative sulallemme sulillemme essive sulanamme sulinamme translative sulaksemme suliksemme abessive sulattamme sulittamme instructive — — comitative — sulinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sulanne sulanne accusative nom. sulanne sulanne gen. sulanne genitive sulanne sulienne sulainne rare partitive sulaanne sulianne inessive sulassanne sulissanne elative sulastanne sulistanne illative sulaanne suliinne adessive sulallanne sulillanne ablative sulaltanne suliltanne allative sulallenne sulillenne essive sulananne sulinanne translative sulaksenne suliksenne abessive sulattanne sulittanne instructive — — comitative — sulinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sulansa sulansa accusative nom. sulansa sulansa gen. sulansa genitive sulansa suliensa sulainsa rare partitive sulaansa suliaan suliansa inessive sulassaan sulassansa sulissaan sulissansa elative sulastaan sulastansa sulistaan sulistansa illative sulaansa suliinsa adessive sulallaan sulallansa sulillaan sulillansa ablative sulaltaan sulaltansa suliltaan suliltansa allative sulalleen sulallensa sulilleen sulillensa essive sulanaan sulanansa sulinaan sulinansa translative sulakseen sulaksensa sulikseen suliksensa abessive sulattaan sulattansa sulittaan sulittansa instructive — — comitative — sulineen sulinensa

Derived terms

• sulaa
• sulo
• suloinen

 

compounds

• hitsisula
• lukkosula
• ruokasula
• sulahitsaus
• Sulasalmi
• sulasuolareaktori
• sulavesi
• sulavesijoki
• voisula

 

Further reading

• “sula”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑˣ/, [ˈs̠ulɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧la

Verb

sula

1. inflection of sulaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• alus, lasu, lusa

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *sula. Cognates include Finnish sula and Estonian sula.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧la

Adjective

sula (comparative sulemp)

1. molten

Declension

Declension of sula (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	sula	sulat
genitive	sulan	sulliin
partitive	sullaa	sullia
illative	sullaa	sullii
inessive	sulas	sulis
elative	sulast	sulist
allative	sulalle	sulille
adessive	sulal	sulil
ablative	sulalt	sulilt
translative	sulaks	suliks
essive	sulanna, sullaan	sulinna, sulliin
exessive1)	sulant	sulint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• sullaa

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧la

Verb

sula

1. inflection of sullaa:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 549

Irish

Alternative forms

• sara
• sol má
• sul

Etymology

From Old Irish sul (“before”) and the relative particle a. sul is a fused form of the conjunction Old Irish resíu (“before”) and Old Irish ro- (verbal prefix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsˠʊlˠə/

Conjunction

sula (triggers eclipsis on verbs; takes the dependent form of irregular verbs)

1. before

   Téigh sula ndéanfaidh mé é.

   Go before I do it.

   Sula ndearna mé é, tháinig mé amach.

   Before I did it, I went outside.

Usage notes

• Not used with the past tense except with some irregular verbs.

Derived terms

• sular (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

Italian

Etymology

From New Latin, from Old Norse súla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.la/
• Rhymes: -ula
• Hyphenation: sù‧la

Noun

sula f (plural sule)

1. gannet or booby

Derived terms

• sula australiana
• sula bassana

Latvian

(Apelsīnu) sula

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Lithuanian sulà (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

Noun

sula f (4th declension)

1. juice (liquids found in fruits which people can drink)

   ābolu sula ― apple juice

   ogu sula ― berry juice

   dārzeņu sulas ― vegetable juices

   salda sula ― sweet juice

   sulas ekstrakts ― juice extract

2. (anatomy) (liquids excreted by certain body organs)

   zarnu sula ― intestinal juice

Declension

Declension of sula (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	sula	sulas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	sulu	sulas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	sulas	sulu
dative (datīvs)	sulai	sulām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	sulu	sulām
locative (lokatīvs)	sulā	sulās
vocative (vokatīvs)	sula	sulas

Derived terms

• aizkuņģa dziedzera sula
• apelsīnu sula
• sulu mēnesis

 

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Latvian sula (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).

Noun

sulà f (plural sulõs) stress pattern 4

1. sap (from birch or maple)
2. juice

Declension

Declension of sulà

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	sulà	sùlos
genitive (kilmininkas)	sulõs	sulų̃
dative (naudininkas)	sùlai	sulóms
accusative (galininkas)	sùlą	sulàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	sulà	sulomìs
locative (vietininkas)	sulojè	sulosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	sùla	sùlos

Derived terms

• sùltys (“juice”)

 

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sula.

Adjective

sula

1. dear

Miskito

Noun

sula

1. deer

Northern Sami

Noun

sula

1. accusative/genitive singular of sulla

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

sula f

1. definite singular of sule

Sranan Tongo

Noun

sula

1. cataract, rapids
   • 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis‎^[2], Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:

     Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa kon

     Blessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like rainfall it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but the cloudburst will come

Descendants

• → Dutch: soela

Swazi

Verb

-súla

1. to clean, to wipe

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old French sole, from Latin solea.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -²ʉːla

Noun

sula c

1. a sole of a foot

   Synonym: (more common) fotsula

2. a sole of a shoe

   Synonyms: skosula, (insole) innersula, (insole acting as a shoe insert) inläggssula

3. a booby (bird of the Sula genus and/or Sulidae family)

Declension

Declension of sula

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	sula	sulas
	definite	sulan	sulans
plural	indefinite	sulor	sulors
	definite	sulorna	sulornas

Verb

sula (present sular, preterite sulade, supine sulat, imperative sula)

1. to fit a sole to a shoe
2. (slang) throw a small object with great force

Conjugation

Conjugation of sula (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	sula		sulas
Supine	sulat		sulats
Imperative	sula		—
Imper. plural1	sulen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	sular	sulade	sulas	sulades
Ind. plural1	sula	sulade	sulas	sulades
Subjunctive2	sule	sulade	sules	sulades
	Participles
Present participle	sulande
Past participle	sulad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• sula in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sula in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sula in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• usla

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Sanskrit चूड (cūḍa, “crest; diadem”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsulaʔ/ [ˈsuː.lɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -ulaʔ
• Syllabification: su‧la

Noun

sulà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)

1. carbuncle; shiny, bright deep red gem (especially a garnet with a smooth, convex surface)

   Synonym: karbungko

2. (pathology) carbuncle (inflamed swelling like a boil)
3. glow at the tip of the tongue of some nocturnal reptiles

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Sanskrit शूल (śūla, “lance; pike”). Compare Malay sula (“pointed stick”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /suˈlaʔ/ [sʊˈlaʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: su‧la

Adjective

sulâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)

1. impaled

   Synonyms: natuhog, nasula

Derived terms

• nasula

Further reading

• “sula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 298

Anagrams

• usal, asul

Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

sula

1. dear

Inflection

Inflection of sula (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing.	sula
genitive sing.	sulan
partitive sing.	sulad
partitive plur.	sulid
	singular	plural
nominative	sula	sulad
accusative	sulan	sulad
genitive	sulan	suliden
partitive	sulad	sulid
essive-instructive	sulan	sulin
translative	sulaks	sulikš
inessive	sulas	suliš
elative	sulaspäi	sulišpäi
illative	sulaha sulha	sulihe
adessive	sulal	sulil
ablative	sulalpäi	sulilpäi
allative	sulale	sulile
abessive	sulata	sulita
comitative	sulanke	sulidenke
prolative	suladme	sulidme
approximative I	sulanno	sulidenno
approximative II	sulannoks	sulidennoks
egressive	sulannopäi	sulidennopäi
terminative I	sulahasai sulhasai	sulihesai
terminative II	sulalesai	sulilesai
terminative III	sulassai	—
additive I	sulahapäi sulhapäi	sulihepäi
additive II	sulalepäi	sulilepäi

Derived terms

• sulaku

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “дорогой, желанный, милый, родимый, талый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sula.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈsuɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧la

Adjective

sula

1. thawed
2. molten
3. (of a winter or cold weather) warm, mild

Inflection

Declension of sula (type V/poikõ, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	sula	sulad
genitive	sula	sulijõ, sulii
partitive	sulla	suliitõ, sulii
illative	sullasõ, sulla	suliisõ
inessive	sulaz	suliiz
elative	sulassõ	suliissõ
allative	sulalõ	suliilõ
adessive	sulallõ	suliillõ
ablative	sulaltõ	suliiltõ
translative	sulassi	suliissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sula”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-súla

1. (transitive) to wipe

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Alternative forms

• -esula

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-súla

1. (transitive) to dust, to polish, to erase
2. (transitive) to delete, to erase

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukusula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukusula	ukungasuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	sula	-sule
Plural	sulani	-suleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasula, ngisula	engisulayo, engisula	ngisula	angisuli	engingasuli	ngingasuli
2nd singular	uyasula, usula	osulayo, osula	usula	awusuli	ongasuli	ungasuli
1st plural	siyasula, sisula	esisulayo, esisula	sisula	asisuli	esingasuli	singasuli
2nd plural	niyasula, nisula	enisulayo, enisula	nisula	anisuli	eningasuli	ningasuli
Class 1	uyasula, usula	osulayo, osula	esula	akasuli	ongasuli	engasuli
Class 2	bayasula, basula	abasulayo, abasula	besula	abasuli	abangasuli	bengasuli
Class 3	uyasula, usula	osulayo, osula	usula	awusuli	ongasuli	ungasuli
Class 4	iyasula, isula	esulayo, esula	isula	ayisuli	engasuli	ingasuli
Class 5	liyasula, lisula	elisulayo, elisula	lisula	alisuli	elingasuli	lingasuli
Class 6	ayasula, asula	asulayo, asula	esula	awasuli	angasuli	engasuli
Class 7	siyasula, sisula	esisulayo, esisula	sisula	asisuli	esingasuli	singasuli
Class 8	ziyasula, zisula	ezisulayo, ezisula	zisula	azisuli	ezingasuli	zingasuli
Class 9	iyasula, isula	esulayo, esula	isula	ayisuli	engasuli	ingasuli
Class 10	ziyasula, zisula	ezisulayo, ezisula	zisula	azisuli	ezingasuli	zingasuli
Class 11	luyasula, lusula	olusulayo, olusula	lusula	alusuli	olungasuli	lungasuli
Class 14	buyasula, busula	obusulayo, obusula	busula	abusuli	obungasuli	bungasuli
Class 15	kuyasula, kusula	okusulayo, okusula	kusula	akusuli	okungasuli	kungasuli
Class 17	kuyasula, kusula	okusulayo, okusula	kusula	akusuli	okungasuli	kungasuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngisulile, ngisulē	engisulile, engisulē	ngisulile, ngisulē	angisulanga	engingasulanga	ngingasulanga
2nd singular	usulile, usulē	osulile, osulē	usulile, usulē	awusulanga	ongasulanga	ungasulanga
1st plural	sisulile, sisulē	esisulile, esisulē	sisulile, sisulē	asisulanga	esingasulanga	singasulanga
2nd plural	nisulile, nisulē	enisulile, enisulē	nisulile, nisulē	anisulanga	eningasulanga	ningasulanga
Class 1	usulile, usulē	osulile, osulē	esulile, esulē	akasulanga	ongasulanga	engasulanga
Class 2	basulile, basulē	abasulile, abasulē	besulile, besulē	abasulanga	abangasulanga	bengasulanga
Class 3	usulile, usulē	osulile, osulē	usulile, usulē	awusulanga	ongasulanga	ungasulanga
Class 4	isulile, isulē	esulile, esulē	isulile, isulē	ayisulanga	engasulanga	ingasulanga
Class 5	lisulile, lisulē	elisulile, elisulē	lisulile, lisulē	alisulanga	elingasulanga	lingasulanga
Class 6	asulile, asulē	asulile, asulē	esulile, esulē	awasulanga	angasulanga	engasulanga
Class 7	sisulile, sisulē	esisulile, esisulē	sisulile, sisulē	asisulanga	esingasulanga	singasulanga
Class 8	zisulile, zisulē	ezisulile, ezisulē	zisulile, zisulē	azisulanga	ezingasulanga	zingasulanga
Class 9	isulile, isulē	esulile, esulē	isulile, isulē	ayisulanga	engasulanga	ingasulanga
Class 10	zisulile, zisulē	ezisulile, ezisulē	zisulile, zisulē	azisulanga	ezingasulanga	zingasulanga
Class 11	lusulile, lusulē	olusulile, olusulē	lusulile, lusulē	alusulanga	olungasulanga	lungasulanga
Class 14	busulile, busulē	obusulile, obusulē	busulile, busulē	abusulanga	obungasulanga	bungasulanga
Class 15	kusulile, kusulē	okusulile, okusulē	kusulile, kusulē	akusulanga	okungasulanga	kungasulanga
Class 17	kusulile, kusulē	okusulile, okusulē	kusulile, kusulē	akusulanga	okungasulanga	kungasulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāsula	engāsula	ngāsula	angisulanga	engingasulanga	ngingasulanga
2nd singular	wāsula	owāsula	wāsula	awusulanga	ongasulanga	ungasulanga
1st plural	sāsula	esāsula	sāsula	asisulanga	esingasulanga	singasulanga
2nd plural	nāsula	enāsula	nāsula	anisulanga	eningasulanga	ningasulanga
Class 1	wāsula	owāsula	āsula	akasulanga	ongasulanga	engasulanga
Class 2	bāsula	abāsula	bāsula	abasulanga	abangasulanga	bengasulanga
Class 3	wāsula	owāsula	wāsula	awusulanga	ongasulanga	ungasulanga
Class 4	yāsula	eyāsula	yāsula	ayisulanga	engasulanga	ingasulanga
Class 5	lāsula	elāsula	lāsula	alisulanga	elingasulanga	lingasulanga
Class 6	āsula	āsula	āsula	awasulanga	angasulanga	engasulanga
Class 7	sāsula	esāsula	sāsula	asisulanga	esingasulanga	singasulanga
Class 8	zāsula	ezāsula	zāsula	azisulanga	ezingasulanga	zingasulanga
Class 9	yāsula	eyāsula	yāsula	ayisulanga	engasulanga	ingasulanga
Class 10	zāsula	ezāsula	zāsula	azisulanga	ezingasulanga	zingasulanga
Class 11	lwāsula	olwāsula	lwāsula	alusulanga	olungasulanga	lungasulanga
Class 14	bāsula	obāsula	bāsula	abusulanga	obungasulanga	bungasulanga
Class 15	kwāsula	okwāsula	kwāsula	akusulanga	okungasulanga	kungasulanga
Class 17	kwāsula	okwāsula	kwāsula	akusulanga	okungasulanga	kungasulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingasula	—	ngingasula	ngingesule	—	ngingesule
2nd singular	ungasula	—	ungasula	ungesule	—	ungesule
1st plural	singasula	—	singasula	singesule	—	singesule
2nd plural	ningasula	—	ningasula	ningesule	—	ningesule
Class 1	angasula	—	engasula	angesule	—	engesule
Class 2	bangasula	—	bengasula	bangesule	—	bengesule
Class 3	ungasula	—	ungasula	ungesule	—	ungesule
Class 4	ingasula	—	ingasula	ingesule	—	ingesule
Class 5	lingasula	—	lingasula	lingesule	—	lingesule
Class 6	angasula	—	engasula	angesule	—	engesule
Class 7	singasula	—	singasula	singesule	—	singesule
Class 8	zingasula	—	zingasula	zingesule	—	zingesule
Class 9	ingasula	—	ingasula	ingesule	—	ingesule
Class 10	zingasula	—	zingasula	zingesule	—	zingesule
Class 11	lungasula	—	lungasula	lungesule	—	lungesule
Class 14	bungasula	—	bungasula	bungesule	—	bungesule
Class 15	kungasula	—	kungasula	kungesule	—	kungesule
Class 17	kungasula	—	kungasula	kungesule	—	kungesule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizosula	engizosula	ngizosula	angizusula	engingezusula	ngingezusula
2nd singular	uzosula	ozosula	uzosula	awuzusula	ongezusula	ungezusula
1st plural	sizosula	esizosula	sizosula	asizusula	esingezusula	singezusula
2nd plural	nizosula	enizosula	nizosula	anizusula	eningezusula	ningezusula
Class 1	uzosula	ozosula	ezosula	akazusula	ongezusula	engezusula
Class 2	bazosula	abazosula	bezosula	abazusula	abangezusula	bengezusula
Class 3	uzosula	ozosula	uzosula	awuzusula	ongezusula	ungezusula
Class 4	izosula	ezosula	izosula	ayizusula	engezusula	ingezusula
Class 5	lizosula	elizosula	lizosula	alizusula	elingezusula	lingezusula
Class 6	azosula	azosula	ezosula	awazusula	angezusula	engezusula
Class 7	sizosula	esizosula	sizosula	asizusula	esingezusula	singezusula
Class 8	zizosula	ezizosula	zizosula	azizusula	ezingezusula	zingezusula
Class 9	izosula	ezosula	izosula	ayizusula	engezusula	ingezusula
Class 10	zizosula	ezizosula	zizosula	azizusula	ezingezusula	zingezusula
Class 11	luzosula	oluzosula	luzosula	aluzusula	olungezusula	lungezusula
Class 14	buzosula	obuzosula	buzosula	abuzusula	obungezusula	bungezusula
Class 15	kuzosula	okuzosula	kuzosula	akuzusula	okungezusula	kungezusula
Class 17	kuzosula	okuzosula	kuzosula	akuzusula	okungezusula	kungezusula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosula	engiyosula	ngiyosula	angiyusula	engingeyusula	ngingeyusula
2nd singular	uyosula	oyosula	uyosula	awuyusula	ongeyusula	ungeyusula
1st plural	siyosula	esiyosula	siyosula	asiyusula	esingeyusula	singeyusula
2nd plural	niyosula	eniyosula	niyosula	aniyusula	eningeyusula	ningeyusula
Class 1	uyosula	oyosula	eyosula	akayusula	ongeyusula	engeyusula
Class 2	bayosula	abayosula	beyosula	abayusula	abangeyusula	bengeyusula
Class 3	uyosula	oyosula	uyosula	awuyusula	ongeyusula	ungeyusula
Class 4	iyosula	eyosula	iyosula	ayiyusula	engeyusula	ingeyusula
Class 5	liyosula	eliyosula	liyosula	aliyusula	elingeyusula	lingeyusula
Class 6	ayosula	ayosula	eyosula	awayusula	angeyusula	engeyusula
Class 7	siyosula	esiyosula	siyosula	asiyusula	esingeyusula	singeyusula
Class 8	ziyosula	eziyosula	ziyosula	aziyusula	ezingeyusula	zingeyusula
Class 9	iyosula	eyosula	iyosula	ayiyusula	engeyusula	ingeyusula
Class 10	ziyosula	eziyosula	ziyosula	aziyusula	ezingeyusula	zingeyusula
Class 11	luyosula	oluyosula	luyosula	aluyusula	olungeyusula	lungeyusula
Class 14	buyosula	obuyosula	buyosula	abuyusula	obungeyusula	bungeyusula
Class 15	kuyosula	okuyosula	kuyosula	akuyusula	okungeyusula	kungeyusula
Class 17	kuyosula	okuyosula	kuyosula	akuyusula	okungeyusula	kungeyusula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngisule	ngingasuli
2nd singular	usule	ungasuli
1st plural	sisule	singasuli
2nd plural	nisule	ningasuli
Class 1	asule	angasuli
Class 2	basule	bangasuli
Class 3	usule	ungasuli
Class 4	isule	ingasuli
Class 5	lisule	lingasuli
Class 6	asule	angasuli
Class 7	sisule	singasuli
Class 8	zisule	zingasuli
Class 9	isule	ingasuli
Class 10	zisule	zingasuli
Class 11	lusule	lungasuli
Class 14	busule	bungasuli
Class 15	kusule	kungasuli
Class 17	kusule	kungasuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngasula	ngangasula, angasula, angangasula
2nd singular	wasula	wangasula, awasula, awangasula
1st plural	sasula	sangasula, asasula, asangasula
2nd plural	nasula	nangasula, anasula, anangasula
Class 1	wasula	wangasula, akasula, akangasula
Class 2	basula	bangasula, abasula, abangasula
Class 3	wasula	wangasula, awasula, awangasula
Class 4	yasula	yangasula, ayasula, ayangasula
Class 5	lasula	langasula, alasula, alangasula
Class 6	asula	angasula, awasula, awangasula
Class 7	sasula	sangasula, asasula, asangasula
Class 8	zasula	zangasula, azasula, azangasula
Class 9	yasula	yangasula, ayasula, ayangasula
Class 10	zasula	zangasula, azasula, azangasula
Class 11	lwasula	lwangasula, alwasula, alwangasula
Class 14	basula	bangasula, abasula, abangasula
Class 15	kwasula	kwangasula, akwasula, akwangasula
Class 17	kwasula	kwangasula, akwasula, akwangasula

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sula (3.9)”