winnen

See also: Winnen

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch winnen, from Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɪ.nə(n)/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: win‧nen
• Rhymes: -ɪnən

Verb

winnen

1. (transitive or intransitive) to win, to triumph, to be victorious (in)
2. (transitive) to acquire
3. (transitive) to extract, to refine, to harvest (from base materials such as ore or crops)

Inflection

Inflection of winnen (strong class 3a)
infinitive	winnen
past singular	won
past participle	gewonnen
infinitive	winnen
gerund	winnen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	win	won
2nd person sing. (jij)	wint	won
2nd person sing. (u)	wint	won
2nd person sing. (gij)	wint	wont
3rd person singular	wint	won
plural	winnen	wonnen
subjunctive sing.1	winne	wonne
subjunctive plur.1	winnen	wonnen
imperative sing.	win
imperative plur.1	wint
participles	winnend	gewonnen
1) Archaic.

Derived terms

• aanwinnen
• gewinnen
• inwinnen
• overwinnen
• verwinnen
• wie niet waagt, die niet wint
• winnaar
• winning
• winst

Descendants

• Afrikaans: wen
• Berbice Creole Dutch: won
• Negerhollands: win, wind
• → Sranan Tongo: wini
  • → Caribbean Javanese: wini
  • → Kari'na: winimary

Low German

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German winnen, from Old Saxon winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Compare Dutch winnen, German gewinnen, English win, Norwegian vinne, Swedish vinna.

Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to win

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (class 3 strong verb)

infinitive	winnen
indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	winn	wunn
2nd person singular	winns(t)	wunns(t)
3rd person singular	winn(t)	wunn
plural	winnt, winnen	wunnen
imperative	present	—
singular	winn
plural	winnt
participle	present	past
	winnen	(e)wunnen, gewunnen
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German [Term?], from Old Saxon windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”). Compare German winden, Dutch winden, English wind.

Verb

winnen (past singular wunn, past participle wunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to wind
2. to wreathe
3. to winch
4. to wrest

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (class 3 strong verb)

infinitive	winnen
indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	winn	wunn
2nd person singular	winns(t)	wunns(t)
3rd person singular	winn(t)	wunn
plural	winnt, winnen	wunnen
imperative	present	—
singular	winn
plural	winnt
participle	present	past
	winnen	(e)wunnen, gewunnen
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German wenen, from Old High German wennen, from Proto-Germanic *wanjaną. Cognate with German gewöhnen (with prefix ge-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvinən/
• Rhymes: -inən

Verb

winnen (third-person singular present winnt, past participle gewinnt, auxiliary verb hunn)

1. (reflexive, with preposition un) to get used to, to adapt to, to familiarise with
2. (transitive) to bring up, to raise, to nurture

Conjugation

Regular
infinitive	winnen
participle	gewinnt
auxiliary	hunn
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	winnen	—
2nd singular	winns	winn
3rd singular	winnt	—
1st plural	winnen	—
2nd plural	winnt	winnt
3rd plural	winnen	—
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, desire, wish, love”).

Verb

winnen

1. to win, to acquire through effort, to earn
2. to acquire, to get
3. to gain
4. to delve, to mine
5. to conquer, to take
6. (of a male) to beget (a child), to sire
7. (of a female) to give birth to

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	winnen
3rd sg. past	wan
3rd pl. past	wonnen
Past participle	gewonnen
Infinitive	winnen
In genitive	winnens
In dative	winnene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	winne	wan
2nd singular	wins, winnes	wons, wonnes
3rd singular	wint, winnet	wan
1st plural	winnen	wonnen
2nd plural	wint, winnet	wont, wonnet
3rd plural	winnen	wonnen
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	winne	wonne
2nd singular	wins, winnes	wonnes
3rd singular	winne	wonne
1st plural	winnen	wonnen
2nd plural	wint, winnet	wonnet
3rd plural	winnen	wonnen
Imperative	Present
Singular	win, winne
Plural	wint, winnet
	Present	Past
Participle	winnende	gewonnen

Descendants

• Dutch: winnen
  • Afrikaans: wen
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: won
  • Negerhollands: win, wind
  • → Sranan Tongo: wini
    • → Caribbean Javanese: wini
    • → Kari'na: winimary
• Limburgish: winne

Further reading

• “winnen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “winnen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• win, winne, wine, when, wynnen, wyn, wynne, wyne
• wen, wene, whin, whyn (Northern)
• winnie, winnien, wunnen, wynnye, wynnyen (Southwestern)
• winnien, wunnen, wynnyen (southwest Midlands)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwinən/

Verb

winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)

1. to exert effort, strive for
2. to fight against, war against
3. to suffer
4. to gain (territory, wisdom, success, a cow, a prize, etc.)
5. to make profit, a living, earn a salary
6. to beget
7. to defeat, triumph over, subjugate
8. to proceed, go
9. to take, remove

Conjugation

Conjugation of winnen (strong class 3)

infinitive	(to) winnen, winne
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	winne	wan, won
2nd-person singular	winnest	wonne, wanne, wan, won
3rd-person singular	winneth	wan, won
subjunctive singular	winne	wonne1, wanne1
imperative singular		—
plural2	winnen, winne	wonnen, wonne, wannen, wanne
imperative plural	winneth, winne	—
participles	winnynge, winnende	wonnen, wonne, ywonnen, ywonne

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• awinnen
• biwinnen
• iwinnen
• wynnere
• wynnyng

Descendants

• English: win
• Scots: win

References

• “winnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.