位

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位 U+4F4D, 位
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F4D
← 佌
[U+4F4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 低 →
[U+4F4E]
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Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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位 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿 (OYT), four-corner 20218, composition ⿰亻立)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 138, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F4D

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 位

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 位
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
j18932
b12296
s05743
Transcribed ancient scripts
L36336
L36337
L36338
L36339
L21781
L21782
L21783
L21784
L21785
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涖 *rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅 *rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞 *rɯbs
位 *ɢʷrɯbs
拉 *ruːb
菈 *ruːb
颯 *sluːb
立 *rɯb
粒 *rɯb
笠 *ɡ·rɯb
砬 *rɯb
岦 *rɯb
苙 *ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗 *rɯb
雴 *r̥ʰɯb
泣 *kʰrɯb

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷrɯbs) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb, “stand”). Often simply written as 立 in idiomatic expressions such as 即位 (jíwèi) in Western Zhou inscriptions.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(j)ap (“to stand”). Derived from 立 (OC *rɯb). Mei (2012) lists it among the possible nasal-prefixed verb forms (Old Chinese *N-k- > Middle Chinese *ɦ-, possibly forming a stative). Suffixed with a nominalizing *-s, it takes the sense "the place/rank/status one holds".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • uei5 - vernacular;
  • uei4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 位
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
    Harbin /uei⁵³/
    Tianjin /vei⁵³/
    Jinan /vei²¹/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
    Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
    Xining /uɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /vei¹³/
    Lanzhou /vei¹³/
    Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
    Wuhan /uei³⁵/
    Chengdu /uei¹³/
    Guiyang /uei²¹³/
    Kunming /uei²¹²/
    Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /uei³⁵/
    Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
    Wenzhou /vu²²/
    Hui Shexian /ue²²/
    Tunxi /ue¹¹/
    /y¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
    /uei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
    Nanning /wɐi²²/
    Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ui³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ui³³/
    Rime
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 脂 (18)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 于愧切
    Baxter hwijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠiuɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦjwiH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣjuiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣwiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/wiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?)
    English standing, position

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7865
    Phonetic
    component         		立
    Rime
    group         		內
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		位
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷrɯbs/

    Definitions

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    位

    1. position; location; spot
    2. title; official position
    3. seat; seating
    4. throne; royal seat
    5. rank; grade; status
    6. standard; rule
    7. (honorific) people
    8. (mathematics) digit; place
      三位數／三位数  ―  sān wèi shù  ―  three-digit number
      進位／进位  ―  jìnwèi  ―  to carry (by one or more places)
    9. (often polite) Classifier for persons.
      這位歌手／这位歌手  ―  zhè wèi gēshǒu  ―  this singer
      那位先生  ―  nà wèi xiānshēng  ―  that man
    10. to be situated at; to be located at
    11. to arrange; to set out
    12. (Cantonese) space
      間房唔夠位放多張檯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      间房唔够位放多张台。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      gaan1 fong4-2 m4 gau3 wai6-2 fong3 do1 zoeng1 toi4-2. [Jyutping]
      There is not enough space for another table in the room.
      偷位 [Cantonese]  ―  tau1 wai6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    13. (information theory) bit (the smallest unit of storage in a digital computer)
    14. a surname: Wei

    Synonyms

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    • (location):
    edit
    • (title): (literary) 地步 (dìbù), 地位 (dìwèi)
    • (seat):
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    Dialectal synonyms of 位子 (“room to sit; seat”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 座位
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 位兒
    Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 位子
    Liuzhou 位子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 位子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 位
    Hong Kong 位
    Dongguan 位
    Gan Nanchang 位子
    Lichuan 位子
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 位
    Southern Min Xiamen 位
    Quanzhou 位
    Zhangzhou 位
    Jieyang 位
    Leizhou 位
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 位子
    • (throne):
    edit

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    位

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
    • Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)←ゐ (wi, historical)
    • Kun: くらい (kurai, 位, Jōyō)←くらゐ (kurawi, 位, historical)

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    位
    い
    Grade: 4
    on'yomi

    Middle Chinese 位 (ɦˠiuɪH)

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    位(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

    1. rank, place
    Derived terms
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    Derived terms

    Counter

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    位(い) • (-i) ←ゐ (-wi)?

    1. rank, place
      第(だい)一(いち)位(い)である。
      Dai-ichi-i de aru.
      To be ranked first.
      二(に)位(い)になる。
      Ni-i ni naru.
      To take second place.
      十(じゅう)位(い)に落(お)ちる。
      Jū-i ni ochiru.
      To drop to tenth place.
    2. decimal place
    3. ghosts

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    位
    くらい
    Grade: 4
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 位 – see the following entry.
    【くらい】
    [adverb] about, approximately
    [adverb] at least, if anything
    [noun] grade, rank, standing
    [noun] the throne, the crown
    [noun] (mathematics) place, position
    [noun] being at the point where ...
    [suffix] seat, position, rank, grade
    (This term, 位, is an alternative spelling (obsolete for adverb) of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 位 (MC hwijH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 윙〮 (Yale: wúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 벼슬 (Yale: pyèsùl) 위 (Yale: wùy)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    位 (eumhun 자리 위 (jari wi))

    1. hanja form? of 위 (“status, position”) [noun]
    2. hanja form? of 위 (“rank, place”) [counter]

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    位: Hán Nôm readings: vị[1], vì[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of vị (“location; place”).
    2. chữ Hán form of vị (“position; rank”).
    3. (honorific, formal classifier) chữ Hán form of vị (“person; a/an (important person)”).
    4. (archaic) chữ Hán form of vì (“throne, royal rule”).

    Compounds

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    References

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    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ^ Hồ (1976).

    Zhuang

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    Noun

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    位

    1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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