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U+653E, 放
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-653E

[U+653D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+653F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 66, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人大 (YSOK), four-corner 08240, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13133
  • Dae Jaweon: page 818, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1451, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+653E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *paŋʔ, *paŋs): phonetic (OC *paŋ, *baŋ) + semantic (hand, action) – an action, release.

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • piong - vernacular;
  • fong - literary.
  • Jin
  • Northern Min
  • Note:
    • bo̤̿ng - vernacular;
    • huo̤̿ng - literary.
  • Eastern Min
  • Note:
    • buóng - vernacular;
    • huóng - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • pàng - vernacular;
    • hàng - vernacular (“to swell”, also written as 胮);
    • hòng - literary.
    Note:
    • bang3 - vernacular;
    • huang3 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /fɑŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /faŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /fɑŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /faŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /faŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /faŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /faŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /fɔ̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /fɑŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /fɑ̃¹³/
    Ürümqi /fɑŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /faŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /faŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /faŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /fã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /faŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /fɑ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /fɒ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /xuɑŋ³⁵/
    /xuə³⁵/
    Hohhot /fɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /fɑ̃³⁵/
    Suzhou /fɑ̃⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /fɑŋ⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /huɔ⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /fo³²⁴/
    Tunxi /fau⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /fan⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /hɔn⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /fɔŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /foŋ⁵³/ 開~
    /pioŋ⁵³/ ~學
    Taoyuan /foŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fɔŋ³³/
    Nanning /fɔŋ³³/
    Hong Kong /fɔŋ³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ²¹/
    /paŋ²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pouŋ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔŋ³³/
    /xuɔŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ²¹³/
    /paŋ²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /faŋ³⁵/
    /ʔbaŋ³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (1)
    Final () (106)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pjangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pʉɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pʷiɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /piuɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puaŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /piuaŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭwaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /piwaŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    fàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fong3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    fàng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*paŋ-s/
    English release; let go

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3038
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*paŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to release; to free; to liberate
    2. to let out; to let go; to launch; to shoot
      鞭炮  ―  fàng biānpào  ―  to set off firecrackers
    3. to put; to place
      書本桌子 [MSC, trad.]
      书本桌子 [MSC, simp.]
      Bǎ shūběn fàng zài zhuōzi shang. [Pinyin]
      Place the books on the desk.
    4. to lay aside
    5. (of a flower) to open out
    6. to expand; to enlarge; to extend
    7. to cause to fall down; to knock down
    8. to put on; to play (a recording)
      音樂音乐  ―  fàng yīnyuè  ―  to play music
    9. to take livestock out to feed on grass; to graze; to put out to pasture; to herd
    10. to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
    11. to distribute; to hand out; to issue; to dispense
    12. to lend (to allow to be used temporarily)
    13. (Cantonese) unbridled; without restraints or limits
      佢哋尋晚 [Cantonese, trad.]
      佢哋寻晚 [Cantonese, simp.]
      keoi5 dei6 cam4 maan5 waan2 dak1 hou2 fong3. [Jyutping]
      They played without limits last night.
    14. (Sichuanese) to betroth (one's daughter) to somebody
    15. to cause; to make
    16. to banish; to exile
    17. (Teochew, Singaporean Hokkien) at (used after a verb)
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to put):
    • (to cause to fall down): 放倒 (fàngdǎo)
    • (to take livestock out to feed on grass): 放牧 (fàngmù)
    • (to ignite):
    • (to distribute):
    • (to betroth one's daughter to somebody): 許配许配 (xǔpèi)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Vietnamese: phóng ()

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (1)
    Final () (106)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pjangX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pʉɐŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pʷiɐŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /piuɑŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puaŋX/
    Li
    Rong
    /piuaŋX/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭwaŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /piwaŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    fǎng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fong2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    fǎng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*paŋʔ/
    English imitate

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3036
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*paŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Alternative form of 仿 (to imitate; to resemble)
    2. to base on
    3. to reach
    4. a surname: Fang

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“parallel; side by side; parallel boats; raft made of bamboo; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of ).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. set free
    2. release
    3. fire
    4. shoot
    5. emit
    6. banish
    7. liberate

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC pjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean (pang) (Yale: pang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (in 방학 (放學, banghak)):
    • (to release; to shoot; to banish; etc.):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)ŋ]
      • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 놓을 (no'eul bang))

    1. Hanja form? of (to release; to let go; to emit).
    2. Hanja form? of (to shoot; to fire).
    3. Hanja form? of (to banish; to exile).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: phóng[1]
    : Nôm readings: phúng[2], phưng[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of phóng (to emit; to launch; to throw; to release).
    2. chữ Hán form of phóng (to rush along).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]