From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+6D41, 流
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D41

[U+6D40]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6D42]
U+F9CA, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CA

[U+F9C9]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9CB]

U+FA97, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA97

[U+FA96]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA98]
流 U+2F902, 流
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F902
海
[U+2F901]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 浩
[U+2F903]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Mainland China, Japan and Korea
Stroke order
Taiwan

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing character form), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the upper right component 𠫓 is written (4 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written with an ending hook which is the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.
  • In Taiwan and Hong Kong (based on Big5 character form), the upper right component 𠫓 is written (3 strokes) while the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.
  • Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+F9CA corresponds to a duplicate character found in South Korea's KS X 1001 character set.
    • U+FA97 corresponds to an alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to the character used in Taiwan/Hong Kong.
    • U+2F902 corresponds to an alternative form used in Taiwan which is similar to the character used in mainland China/Japan/Korea but the bottom right stroke is written without the ending hook.

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 85, +7, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 水卜戈山 (EYIU), four-corner 34113, composition (GJKV or U+F9CA or U+2F902) or 𠫓丿(HT or U+FA97))

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 623, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1019, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1631, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6D41

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ru) : semantic (water) + phonetic ().

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་ (rgyu, to move, to go, to wander) (Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liǔ - literary.
Note:
  • làu - vernacular;
  • liù - literary.
Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.
Note:
  • lao5 - vernacular;
  • liu5 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/liu/
Shao
Rongfen
/liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luw/
Li
Rong
/liu/
Wang
Li
/lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liú
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*ru/
English flow (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8335
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ru/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to flow
      ―  liúhàn  ―  to sweat
      ―  liúlèi  ―  to cry; to let tears flow
      ―  liúxuè  ―  to bleed
  2. to drift; to wander
      ―  liúlián  ―  to linger; to be reluctant to leave
  3. class; grade
      ―  liú  ―  first class; top grade
  4. (of water, electricity, other fluids) current; flow; stream
      ―  liú  ―  airflow
      ―  diànliú  ―  electric current
  5. to spread; to scatter; to disseminate
    Synonyms: 留傳留传 (liúchuán), 散佈散布 (sànbù)
      ―  liúyán  ―  rumors; gossip
      ―  liúfāng  ―  to leave a good reputation
  6. (physics) Short for 流明 (liúmíng, “lumen”).
  7. (mathematics) flow
  8. (computing) stream
  9. (Cantonese, Hakka) of poor quality
    [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  poor-quality goods
  10. (Cantonese) fake; ingenuine
    Antonym: (gin1) (Cantonese)
    [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 liu6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  false information; fake news

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]

流󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

[edit]

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

  1. the flow of water or something like water
  2. art forms, methods, styles, and techniques peculiar to a person or house

Affix

[edit]

(りゅう) (ryūりう (riu)?

  1. current, flow, stream, waterflow
  2. flowing, washing
  3. spread

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1273 (paper), page 687 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 752 (paper), page 389 (digital)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC ljuw). Recorded as Middle Korean (lyu) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 흐를 (heureul ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 흐를 (heureul yu))

  1. hanja form? of / (flow)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: lưu[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: lưu[1][2]

  1. stream; flow

References

[edit]