地震

Japanese

Kanji in this term
地	震

Etymology 1

/disin/ > /zisin/. Literally "ground shake".

Pronunciation

• IPA: [dʑiɕiɴ]
• Homophone: 自信 (confidence), 自身 (one's self), 時針 (hour-hand (of clock or watch)), 磁針 (compass), 磁心 (magnetic core)

Noun

地震 (hiragana じしん, romaji jishin, historical hiragana ぢしん)

1. shaking of the earth; an earthquake

Related terms

速報 (そくほう, sokuhō): flash news 津波 (つなみ, tsunami): tsunami, tidal wave

避難所 (ひなんじょ, hinanjo): shelter 震源地 (しんげんち, shingenchi): epicenter

Etymology 2

/nawi/ > /nai/. Japanese looses labialization before non-open vowels.

Pronunciation

• IPA: [nai]

Noun

地震 (hiragana ない, romaji nai, historical hiragana なゐ)

1. an earthquake
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (year 415)

     五年秋七月丙子朔己丑、地震。先是、命葛城襲津彦之孫玉田宿禰、主瑞齒別天皇之殯。則當地震夕、遣尾張連吾襲、察殯宮之消息。時諸人悉聚無闕。

   • 1212, Hōjōki

     また、同じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大地震ふること侍き。[...] 恐れのなかに恐るべかりけるは、只地震なりけりとこそ覺え侍しか。[...] よのつね、驚くほどの地震、二三十度ふらぬ日はなし。

Etymology 3

/nawi/ > /nai/ > /nae/. Middle Japanese /e/ was realized as [je], hence the below citation.

Pronunciation

• IPA: [nae]

Noun

地震 (hiragana なえ, romaji nae)

1. an earthquake
   • 1603–1604: Nippo Jisho (page 455)

     Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震. Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

References

• 1980 May 18 [1603–1604], Tadao Doi, Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0008-0021-3:
• 1957 [1212], Minoro Nishio, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, 4-00-060030-3:
• 1965-1967 [720], Tarō Sakamoto; Ienaga Saburō, Inoue Mitsusada, Ōno Susumu, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Nihon Shoki (vol. 1), Iwanami Shoten, 4-00-060067-2:

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Mandarin

simpl. and trad.
地震

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ ti˥˩tʂən˥˩ ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

地震 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin dìzhèn)

1. (Intermediate Mandarin) earthquake

Related terms

• trad. 餘震, simpl. 余震

References

• 1985, Jingrong (ed.) Wu, The Pinyin CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (in Mandarin/English), Beijing, Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, ISBN 0471867969:
• 2000, Jingmin (ed.) Shao, HSK Dictionary (HSK汉语水平考试词典) (in Mandarin/English), Shanghai: Huadong Teachers College Publishers, ISBN 7561720785: