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U+8CA8, 貨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8

[U+8CA7]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8CA9]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 154, +4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 24806, composition )

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hŋʷaːls) : phonetic (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic (shell, money) – valuable goods.

Etymology

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Related to (OC *ŋʷaːl, “to change”), (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
  • hò/hòⁿ - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter xwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/huɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/huɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hwaH/
Li
Rong
/xuɑH/
Wang
Li
/xuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
huò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fo3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
huò
Middle
Chinese
‹ xwaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English (movable) property, goods

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5325
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions

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  1. (literary) money and goods; property
    殺人越杀人越  ―  shārényuèhuò  ―  to kill people for their property
  2. goods; commodities; products
      ―  xiànhuò  ―  merchandise in stock
      ―  bǎihuò  ―  general merchandise
    退退  ―  tuìhuò  ―  to return goods or merchandise
    今日 [Cantonese, trad.]
    今日 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gam1 jat6 wui5 jau5 pai1 fo3 sung3 dou3 lai4. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. currency
      ―  tōnghuò  ―  currency
  4. (derogatory) used to refer to a person
      ―  chīhuò  ―  one who eats all day and does nothing
      ―  chǔnhuò  ―  idiot
  5. (Southern Min) thing; stuff
  6. (obsolete) to bribe
  7. (obsolete) to buy; to purchase
  8. (obsolete) to sell
  9. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ka, Jōyō)くわ (kwa, historical)
  • Kan-on: (ka, Jōyō)くわ (kwa, historical)
  • Kun: たから (takara, )

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC xwaH).

Affix

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() (kaくわ (kwa)?

  1. currency
  2. goods
  3. treasure

Korean

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Hanja

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(hwa) (hangeul , revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hóa/hoá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.