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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{IPA|/ɪzəm/}} {{SAMPA|/Iz@m/}} |
* {{IPA|/ɪzəm/}} {{SAMPA|/Iz@m/}} |
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===History of the term=== |
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{{rfc-header|History of the term|lang=en}} |
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The first recorded usage of the suffix ''ism'' as a separate word in its own right was in 1680. By the nineteenth century it was being used by [[w:Thomas Carlyle]] to signify a pre-packaged [[ideology]]. It was later used in this sense by such writers as [[w:Julian Huxley]] and [[w:George Bernard Shaw]]. In the United States of the mid-nineteenth century, the phrase "the isms" was used as a collective derogatory term to lump together the radical social reform movements of the day (such as [[abolitionism|slavery abolitionism]], [[feminism]], [[prohibitionism|alcohol prohibitionism]], [[w:Charles Fourier|Fourierism]], [[pacifism]], early [[socialism]], etc.) and various spiritual or religious movements considered non-mainstream by the standards of the time (such as [[Transcendentalism]], [[spiritualism]] or "spirit rapping", [[Mormonism]], the [[Oneida Society|Oneida]] movement often accused of "free love", etc.). Southerners often prided themselves on the American South being free from all of these pernicious "Isms" (except for alcohol temperance campaigning, which was compatible with a traditional Protestant focus on strict individual morality). So on September 5 and 9 1856, the ''Examiner'' newspaper of [[Richmond, Virginia]] ran editorials on "Our Enemies, the Isms and their Purposes", while in 1858 [[w:William Gannaway Brownlow|"Parson" Brownlow]] called for a "Missionary Society of the South, for the Conversion of the Freedom Shriekers, Spiritualists, Free-lovers, Fourierites, and [[atheism|Infidel]] Reformers of the North" (see ''The Freedom-of-thought Struggle in the Old South'' by [[Clement Eaton]]). In the present day, it appears in the title of a standard survey of political thought, ''Today's ISMS'' by William Ebenstein, first published in the 1950s, and now in its 11th edition. |
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Revision as of 18:29, 15 September 2009
English
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek (deprecated template usage) -ισμός (-ismos), a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine; from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek (deprecated template usage) -ισμα (-isma), from stem of verbs in (deprecated template usage) -ιζειν (-izein).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "/ɪzəm/" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. Template:SAMPA
History of the term
Template:rfc-header The first recorded usage of the suffix ism as a separate word in its own right was in 1680. By the nineteenth century it was being used by w:Thomas Carlyle to signify a pre-packaged ideology. It was later used in this sense by such writers as w:Julian Huxley and w:George Bernard Shaw. In the United States of the mid-nineteenth century, the phrase "the isms" was used as a collective derogatory term to lump together the radical social reform movements of the day (such as slavery abolitionism, feminism, alcohol prohibitionism, Fourierism, pacifism, early socialism, etc.) and various spiritual or religious movements considered non-mainstream by the standards of the time (such as Transcendentalism, spiritualism or "spirit rapping", Mormonism, the Oneida movement often accused of "free love", etc.). Southerners often prided themselves on the American South being free from all of these pernicious "Isms" (except for alcohol temperance campaigning, which was compatible with a traditional Protestant focus on strict individual morality). So on September 5 and 9 1856, the Examiner newspaper of Richmond, Virginia ran editorials on "Our Enemies, the Isms and their Purposes", while in 1858 "Parson" Brownlow called for a "Missionary Society of the South, for the Conversion of the Freedom Shriekers, Spiritualists, Free-lovers, Fourierites, and Infidel Reformers of the North" (see The Freedom-of-thought Struggle in the Old South by Clement Eaton). In the present day, it appears in the title of a standard survey of political thought, Today's ISMS by William Ebenstein, first published in the 1950s, and now in its 11th edition.
Suffix
(deprecated template usage) -ism
- the action or result of a verb
- a principle, belief or movement
- chauvinism (coined after Nicolas Chauvin)
- conservatism (from conservative)
- Cubism
- externalism
- feminism (from femina, Latin for woman)
- liberalism
- Marxism (coined after Karl Marx)
- masculism (from masculus, Latin for male)
- a form of prejudice or discrimination, either for or against a group
- alphabetism (from alphabet)
- nationism (from nation)
- racism (from race)
- religionism (from religion)
- sexism (from sex)
- sexualism (from sexuality)
- ableism (from able)
- heterosexism (from heterosexual)
- the defining attribute of a person or thing
- heroism (from hero)
- Shakespeareanism (coined after William Shakespeare)
- a disorder
- autism (from autós, Greek for "self")
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Romanian
Etymology
(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin -ismus
Suffix
(deprecated template usage) -ism
- ism (indicates a belief or principle)
- creştinism - Christianity
- anarhism - anarchism