धरति

See also: धूर्त and धरती

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ধৰতি (Assamese script)
• ᬥᬭᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• ধরতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰠𑰨𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဓရတိ (Burmese script)
• ધરતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਧਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌧𑌰𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦣꦫꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂡𑂩𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಧರತಿ (Kannada script)
• ធរតិ (Khmer script)
• ຘຣຕິ (Lao script)
• ധരതി (Malayalam script)
• ᢡᠠᡵᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘠𑘨𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠾᠠᠷᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧀𑧈𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐢𑐬𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଧରତି (Odia script)
• ꢤꢬꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑆫𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖨𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ධරති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩮𑩼𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚜𑚤𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• த⁴ரதி (Tamil script)
• ధరతి (Telugu script)
• ธรติ (Thai script)
• དྷ་ར་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑒩𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨜𑨫𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

A secondary formation from the root धृ (dhṛ), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱɐ́.ɾɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱɐ.ɾɐ.t̪i/

Verb

धरति • (dhárati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type UP, present, root धृ)

1. to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo
2. (with or scil. आत्मानम् (ātmānam), जीवितम् (jīvitam), प्राणान् (prāṇān), देहम् (deham), शरीरम् (śarīram) etc.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive (especially future dhariṣyati; compare passive below)
3. to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist
4. to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (locative)
5. to destine for (dative; Ā. also to be destined for or belong to)
6. to present to (genitive)
7. to direct or turn (attention, mind, etc.) towards, fix or resolve upon (locative or dative)
8. (Ā) to be ready or prepared for
9. (Ā, P) to owe anything (accusative) to (dative or genitive)
10. to prolong (in pronunciation)
11. to quote, cite
12. (with गर्भम् (garbham)) to conceive, be pregnant (older garbham- √bhṛ)
13. (with दण्डम् (daṇḍam), दमम् (damam)) to inflict punishment on (locative)
14. (with केशान् (keśān), or श्मश्रु (śmaśru)) to let the hair or beard grow
15. (with रश्मीन् (raśmīn) or प्रहरान् (praharān)) to draw the reins tight
16. (with धरमम् (dharamam)) to fulfil a duty
17. (with व्रतम् (vratám)) to observe or keep a vow
18. (with धारणाम् (dhāraṇām)) to practise self-control
19. (with ?) to perform penance
20. (with मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) or मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni), शिरसा (śirasā) or शिरसि (śirasi)) to bear on the head, honour highly
21. (with or scil. तुलया (tulayā)) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure
22. (with or scil. मनसा (manasā)) to bear in mind, recollect, remember
23. (with समये (samaye)) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact
24. (passive voice) to be borne
25. to be firm, keep steady
26. to continue living, exist, remain
27. to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dative; accusative or infinitive)
28. (intensive) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten

Conjugation

Present: धरति (dhárati), धरते (dhárate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	धरति dhárati	धरतः dhárataḥ	धरन्ति dháranti	धरते dhárate	धरेते dhárete	धरन्ते dhárante
Second	धरसि dhárasi	धरथः dhárathaḥ	धरथ dháratha	धरसे dhárase	धरेथे dhárethe	धरध्वे dháradhve
First	धरामि dhárāmi	धरावः dhárāvaḥ	धरामः / धरामसि¹ dhárāmaḥ / dhárāmasi¹	धरे dháre	धरावहे dhárāvahe	धरामहे dhárāmahe
Imperative
Third	धरतु dháratu	धरताम् dháratām	धरन्तु dhárantu	धरताम् dháratām	धरेताम् dháretām	धरन्ताम् dhárantām
Second	धर dhára	धरतम् dháratam	धरत dhárata	धरस्व dhárasva	धरेथाम् dhárethām	धरध्वम् dháradhvam
First	धराणि dhárāṇi	धराव dhárāva	धराम dhárāma	धरै dhárai	धरावहै dhárāvahai	धरामहै dhárāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	धरेत् dháret	धरेताम् dháretām	धरेयुः dháreyuḥ	धरेत dháreta	धरेयाताम् dháreyātām	धरेरन् dháreran
Second	धरेः dháreḥ	धरेतम् dháretam	धरेत dháreta	धरेथाः dhárethāḥ	धरेयाथाम् dháreyāthām	धरेध्वम् dháredhvam
First	धरेयम् dháreyam	धरेव dháreva	धरेम dhárema	धरेय dháreya	धरेवहि dhárevahi	धरेमहि dháremahi
Subjunctive
Third	धरात् / धराति dhárāt / dhárāti	धरातः dhárātaḥ	धरान् dhárān	धराते / धरातै dhárāte / dhárātai	धरैते dháraite	धरन्त / धरान्तै dháranta / dhárāntai
Second	धराः / धरासि dhárāḥ / dhárāsi	धराथः dhárāthaḥ	धराथ dhárātha	धरासे / धरासै dhárāse / dhárāsai	धरैथे dháraithe	धराध्वै dhárādhvai
First	धराणि dhárāṇi	धराव dhárāva	धराम dhárāma	धरै dhárai	धरावहै dhárāvahai	धरामहै dhárāmahai
Participles
	धरत् dhárat			धरमाण dháramāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अधरत् (ádharat), अधरत (ádharata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अधरत् ádharat	अधरताम् ádharatām	अधरन् ádharan	अधरत ádharata	अधरेताम् ádharetām	अधरन्त ádharanta
Second	अधरः ádharaḥ	अधरतम् ádharatam	अधरत ádharata	अधरथाः ádharathāḥ	अधरेथाम् ádharethām	अधरध्वम् ádharadhvam
First	अधरम् ádharam	अधराव ádharāva	अधराम ádharāma	अधरे ádhare	अधरावहि ádharāvahi	अधरामहि ádharāmahi

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: ধৰা (dhora)
  • Bengali: ধরা (dhora)
  • Odia: ଧରିବା (dharibā)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀭𑀇 (dharaï)
  • Konkani: धर्चे (dharce)
  • Old Marathi: 𑘠𑘨𑘜𑘹 (dharaṇe)
    • Marathi: धरणे (dharṇe)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀭𑀤𑀺 (dharadi)
  • Gujarati: ધરવું (dharvũ)
  • Hindi: धरना (dharnā)
  • Nepali: धर्नु (dharnu)
  • Punjabi: ਧਰਣਾ (dharṇā)
  • Romani: therel
  • Sindhi: ڌَرَڻُ / धरणु (dharaṇu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “धृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 519, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dharati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press: “Pres. st. formed from fut. dhariṣyḗ AV., inf. dhartum, &c.”