仲

Translingual

Han character

仲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人中 (OL) or 難人中 (XOL), four-corner 2520₆, composition ⿰亻中)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 403
• Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 121, character 7
• Unihan data for U+4EF2

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		仲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仲
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j18803 j18804 j18805 j18806 j18807 j18808 j18809 j18810 j18811 j18812 j18813 j18814 j18815 j18816 j18817 j18818 j18819 j18820 j18821 j18822 j18823 j18824 j18825 j18826 j18827 j18828 j18829 j18830 j18831 j18832 j18833 j18834 j18835 j18836 j18837 j18838 j18839 j18840 j18841 j18842 j18843 Bronze inscriptions b12253 Small seal script s05674 Transcribed ancient scripts L35564 L35565 L35566 L35567 L35568 L35569 L18953 L18954 L18955 L18956 L18957 L18952
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
中	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	*tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhòng (zhong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dong⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhòng
    • Wade–Giles: chung⁴
    • Yale: jùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonq
    • Palladius: чжун (čžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung⁶
    • Yale: juhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dong⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: drjuwngH

Rime
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直衆切
Baxter	drjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋH/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-truŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-truŋ-s/
English	middle (of brothers)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仲
Reading #	1/1
No.	17419
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	仲
Old Chinese	/*duŋs/

Etymology 1

Derived from 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 仲

1. ^† second, especially when referring to seniority of siblings. See usage notes of 伯.

   伯仲  ―  bózhòng  ―  superior and inferior, competition, comparison

2. ^† middle

   仲夏  ―  zhòngxià  ―  midsummer

   仲裁  ―  zhòngcái  ―  arbitration

3. a surname

Etymology 2

From 重. Some suggest it is of Tai-Kadai origin.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 仲

1. (Cantonese) still (referring to time)

   佢而家都仲食緊飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢而家都仲食紧饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ ji⁴ gaa¹ dou¹ zung⁶ sik⁶ gan² faan⁶. [Jyutping]

   He is still eating, even now.

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Japanese

Kanji

仲

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
• Kun: なか (naka, 仲, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 仲夏
• 仲介
• 仲裁
• 仲秋
• 仲春
• 仲冬
• 仲立人
• 仲間
• 仲人
• 仲仕
• 仲保
• 仲値
• 仲兄
• 仲居
• 仲断
• 仲核
• 仲継
• 仲見世, 仲店
• 仲買

 

Etymology

Kanji in this term
仲
なか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Noun

仲(なか) • (naka) 

1. relationship, terms

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 仲(なか)がいい (naka ga ii), 仲(なか)が良(よ)い (naka ga yoi)
• 仲(なか)に入(はい)る (naka ni hairu)
• 仲(なか)働(ばたら)き (nakabataraki)
• 仲(なか)直(なお)り (nakanaori)
• 仲(なか)間(ま) (nakama)

• 仲(なか)睦(むつ)まじい (nakamutsumajii)
• 仲(なか)立(だ)ち (nakadachi)
• 仲(なか)良(よ)く (nakayoku)
• 仲(なか)良(よ)し (nakayoshi)
• 仲(なか)違(たが)い (nakatagai)

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Korean

Hanja

仲 (eum 중 (jung))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

仲: Hán Nôm readings: trọng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation