件

See also: 仵, 仟, 任, and 伴

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

件 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手 (OHQ), four-corner 2520₀, composition ⿰亻牛)

Derived characters

• 𠲟, 𣴓, 𤞗, 𪁃, 𪜓, 𡋚

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 410
• Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4EF6

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		件

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 件
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05909
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亻 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”) – man and cow form a unit.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khien / khian
• Eastern Min (BUC): giông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiǎⁿ / kiāⁿ / kiǎn / kiān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gian⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ci

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gin⁶
    • Yale: gihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
    • Hakka Romanization System: kien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
    • Hakka Romanization System: kian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǎⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kiǎnn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kiānn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvia
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiã²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiã³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǎn
    • Tâi-lô: kiǎn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiān
    • Tâi-lô: kiān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kien
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²²/

Note:

• kiǎⁿ/kiāⁿ - vernacular;
• kiǎn/kiān - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gian⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci
    • MiniDict: ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 件
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑi³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³⁵/ 一～衣裳 /t͡ɕʰie³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiẽ¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑiẽ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kin²²/
	Nanning	/kin²²/
	Hong Kong	/kin²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kian²²/ /kiã²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kyɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiã³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kin³³/

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• Middle Chinese: gjenX

Rime
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其輦切
Baxter	gjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gianX/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛnX/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡranʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ gjenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English	item
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
No.	6183
Phonetic component	件
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	件
Old Chinese	/*ɡranʔ/
Notes	見漢印

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 件

1. document; letter

   文件  ―  wénjiàn  ―  document, file

   郵件／邮件  ―  yóujiàn  ―  mail

   信件  ―  xìnjiàn  ―  letter

   證件／证件  ―  zhèngjiàn  ―  certificate, document, ID

2. item; component

   部件  ―  bùjiàn  ―  parts, components

   零件  ―  língjiàn  ―  part, component

   備件／备件  ―  bèijiàn  ―  spare part

   軟件／软件  ―  ruǎnjiàn  ―  software

3. Classifier for things which can be numerically counted, such as pieces of luggage, clothes, events: piece

   一件東西／一件东西  ―  yī jiàn dōngxi  ―  a thing

   一件嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ gin⁶ je⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  a thing

   一件襯衫／一件衬衫  ―  yī jiàn chènshān  ―  a shirt

See also

• 條／条 (tiáo, “classifier for pants”)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

件

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: くだり (kudari, 件); くだん (kudan, 件)

Compounds

Compounds

• 案(あん)件(けん) (anken)
• 一(いっ)件(けん) (ikken)
• 課(か)税(ぜい)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (kazei bukken)
• 感(かん)覚(かく)与(よ)件(けん) (kankaku yoken)
• 機(き)能(のう)的(てき)要(よう)件(けん) (kinōteki yōken)
• 件(けん)件(けん) (kenken)
• 件(けん)数(すう) (kensū)
• 件(けん)名(めい) (kenmei)
• 後(こう)件(けん) (kōken)
• 構(こう)成(せい)要(よう)件(けん) (kōsei yōken)
• 雑(ざっ)件(けん) (zakken)
• 消(しょう)極(きょく)的(てき)訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (shōkyokuteki soshō yōken)
• 証(しょう)拠(こ)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (shōko bukken)

• 事(じ)件(けん) (jiken)
• 条(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
• 上(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
• 人(じん)件(けん) (jinken)
• 人(じん)件(けん)費(ひ) (jinkenhi)
• 前(ぜん)件(けん) (zenken)
• 訴(そ)件(けん) (soken)
• 訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (soshō yōken)
• 尊(そん)号(ごう)一(いっ)件(けん) (songō ikken)
• 大(たい)君(くん)一(いっ)件(けん) (taikun ikken)
• 対(たい)抗(こう)要(よう)件(けん) (taikō yōken)
• 手(て)形(がた)要(よう)件(けん) (tegata yōken)

• 難(なん)件(けん) (nanken)
• 物(ぶっ)件(けん) (bukken)
• 物(ぶっ)件(けん)費(ひ) (bukkenhi)
• 別(べっ)件(けん) (bekken)
• 別(べっ)件(けん)逮(たい)捕(ほ) (bekken taiho)
• 法(ほう)律(りつ)要(よう)件(けん) (hōritsu yōken)
• 本(ほん)件(けん) (honken)
• 柳(やな)川(がわ)一(いっ)件(けん) (yanagawa ikken)
• 用(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
• 要(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
• 与(よ)件(けん) (yoken)
• 立(りっ)件(けん) (rikken)

Noun

件(けん) • (ken) 

1. case
2. matter
3. subject

件(くだん) • (kudan) 

1. example
2. precedent

   件(くだん)の

   kudan no

   the ... in question; the said ...

   件(くだん)の人(ひと)

   kudan no hito

   the person in question; the said person

3. kudan; half-human, half-ox mythical creature

件(くだり) • (kudari) 

1. clause, passage, paragraph
2. precedent

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Korean

Hanja

件 (eum 건 (geon))

1. case
2. matter
3. suject
4. example
5. precedent

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Vietnamese

Han character

件: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kịn, kẹn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation