墮

See also: 堕 and 墜

Translingual

Traditional	墮
Shinjitai	堕
Simplified	堕

Han character

墮 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 弓月土 (NBG) or 難弓月土 (XNBG), four-corner 7410₄, composition ⿱隋土)

Derived characters

• 𡃏, 𭐄, 𣟁, 𥶴

Related characters

• 堕 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5481
• Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 484, character 3
• Unihan data for U+58AE

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Chinese

trad.		墮
simp.		堕
alternative forms		𫝡 隓 obsolete

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鬌	*ʔl'oːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *l'ol
隋	*l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol
墮	*l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol
媠	*l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːls
橢	*l̥ʰoːlʔ
嫷	*l̥ʰoːls, *l'oːlʔ
毻	*l̥ʰoːls, *l̥ʰoːds
堶	*l'oːl
憜	*l'oːlʔ
惰	*l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls
嶞	*l'oːlʔ
髓	*slolʔ
瀡	*slolʔ, *slols
隨	*ljol
隓	*hlol
隳	*hlol
撱	*lolʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol) : phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): duò (duo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): do⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tō / tō͘ / tūi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: duò
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duò
    • Wade–Giles: to⁴
    • Yale: dwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
    • Palladius: до (do)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: do⁶
    • Yale: doh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: do⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: do⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
    • Tâi-lô: tō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūi
    • Tâi-lô: tuī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dui
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tui³³/

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• Middle Chinese: dwaX, thwaX

Rime
Character	墮	墮
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒果切	他果切
Baxter	dwaX	thwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Pan Wuyun	/duɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Shao Rongfen	/duɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwaX/	/tʰwaX/
Li Rong	/duɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Wang Li	/duɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuɑX/	/tʰuɑX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duò	tuǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	do6	to2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤojʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːlʔ/, /*l'oːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墮
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duò
Middle Chinese	‹ dwaX ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁojʔ/
English	to fall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墮	墮
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	5417	5424
Phonetic component	隓	隓
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	妥	墮
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoːlʔ/	/*l'oːlʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 墮

1. to fall
2. to degenerate

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with 墜／坠 (zhuì).

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 墮 – see 隳 (“to destroy; to ruin; to damage”). (This character is a variant form of 隳).

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Japanese

Shinjitai	堕
Kyūjitai	墮

Kanji

墮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 堕)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): だ (da)
• Kun: くずれ (kuzureru), くずす (kuzusu), おちる (ochiru)

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Korean

Hanja

墮 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 墮 (đoạ, đụi, doạ, dụa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.