患

Translingual

Han character

患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱串心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
• Unihan data for U+60A3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		患
alternative forms		𢠶 𢤒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (患) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
漶	*ɡoːns
贃	*qroːns
患	*ɡroːns
槵	*ɡroːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴

• Northern Min (KCR): hūing
• Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huam⁶ / huang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
    • Wade–Giles: huan⁴
    • Yale: hwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
    • Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waan⁶
    • Yale: waahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huam⁶ / huang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăm / huăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huam³⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/

Note:

• huam6 - Chaozhou;
• huang6 - Shantou.

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• Middle Chinese: hwaenH

Rime
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Baxter	hwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣuanH/
Wang Li	/ɣwanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwænH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
English	calamity; distress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	患
Reading #	1/1
No.	5364
Phonetic component	患
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡroːns/
Notes	本從串（毌）聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 患

1. to worry
2. to contract (an illness); to gain; to suffer from; to be afflicted with
3. trouble; peril

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

患

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. afflicted

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: わずらう (wazurau, 患う, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 患える); うれい (urei, 患い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
患
かん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).

Affix

患(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. worry; suffer
2. afflicted

Noun

患(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. trouble; worries; pain
2. illness; sickness

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Korean

Hanja

患 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 患 (hoạn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.