狂狷

Chinese

		conceited; mad	rash, impetuous, impulsive; reserved, overcautious
trad. (狂狷)		狂	狷
simp. #(狂狷)		狂	狷
alternative forms		狂獧

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuángjuàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄩㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong⁴ gyun³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuángjuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄩㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuángjyuàn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuang²-chüan⁴
    • Yale: kwáng-jywàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwangjiuann
    • Palladius: куанцзюань (kuanczjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwong⁴ gyun³
    • Yale: kwòhng gyun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwong⁴ gyn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuong⁴ gün³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ²¹ kyːn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: gjwang kwenH|kjwienH

Rime
Character	狂	狷	狷
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	先 (86)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	IV	III
Fanqie	巨王切	古縣切	吉掾切
Baxter	gjwang	kwenH	kjwienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡʉɐŋ/	/kwenH/	/kiuᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷiɐŋ/	/kʷenH/	/kʷiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuɑŋ/	/kuɛnH/	/kjuænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guaŋ/	/kwɛnH/	/kwianH/
Li Rong	/ɡiuaŋ/	/kuenH/	/kiuɛnH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭwaŋ/	/kiwenH/	/kĭwɛnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/giwaŋ/	/kiwenH/	/ki̯wɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuáng	juàn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kwong4	gyun3	gyun3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaŋ  kʷens|kʷeːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuáng
Middle Chinese	‹ gjwang ›
Old Chinese	/*[k-ɢʷ]aŋ/
English	mad, reckless
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狂	狷	狷
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
No.	12732	16062	16080
Phonetic component	王	肙	肙
Rime group	陽	元	元
Rime subdivision	0	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	狂	絹	睊
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaŋ/	/*kʷens/	/*kʷeːns/

Noun

狂狷

1. (literary) the ardent and the cautiously-decided; those with lofty aspirations and those who are overcautious; radical and conservative people

   • 子曰：「不得中行而與之，必也狂狷乎！狂者進取，狷者有所不為也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「不得中行而与之，必也狂狷乎！狂者进取，狷者有所不为也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐyuē: “Bù dé zhōngxíng ér yǔ zhī, bì yě kuángjuàn hū! Kuáng zhě jìnqǔ, juàn zhě yǒu suǒ bùwèi yě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "Since I cannot get men pursuing the due medium, to whom I might communicate my instructions, I must find the ardent and the cautiously-decided. The ardent will advance and lay hold of truth; the cautiously-decided will keep themselves from what is wrong."