短

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

短 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 8141₈, composition ⿰矢豆)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
• Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
• Unihan data for U+77ED

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		短
alternative forms		⿰矢卜 second round simplified 𠭴 Min Nan

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
侸	*toː
剅	*toː, *roː
郖	*toː, *doːs
鬪	*toːs
鋀	*tʰoː
頭	*doː
豆	*doːs
逗	*doːs, *dos
痘	*doːs
梪	*doːs
脰	*doːs
荳	*doːs
浢	*doːs
餖	*doːs
毭	*doːs
豎	*djoʔ
裋	*djoʔ
短	*toːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).

Etymology

The (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:

• Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
  • 端 (OC *tˤor) vs 瑞 (OC *[d]or-s)
  • 算 (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
  • 卵 (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
• Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with 斷 (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “short (as in garment)”), and *dəw (“short”), whence Burmese တို (tui, “short”), Mizo tawi (“short”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 短

1. short (of distance)

   Template:zh-ant

2. short (of time); brief
3. deficient; lacking
4. weakness; shortcoming; mistake

See also

• 矮 (ǎi)

References

• “Entry #8791”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

短

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. short, brief

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kun: みじかい (mijikai, 短い, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 短音(たんおん) (tan'on)
• 短歌(たんか) (tanka)
• 短気(たんき) (tanki)
• 短期(たんき) (tanki)
• 短距離(たんきょり) (tankyori)
• 短剣(たんけん) (tanken)
• 短冊(たんざく) (tanzaku)

• 短日(たんじつ) (tanjitsu)
• 短銃(たんじゅう) (tanjū)
• 短所(たんしょ) (tansho)
• 短小(たんしょう) (tanshō)
• 短信(たんしん) (tanshin)
• 短針(たんしん) (tanshin)
• 短調(たんちゅう) (tanchū)

• 短刀(たんとう) (tantō)
• 短髪(たんぱつ) (tanpatsu): short hair
• 短文(たんぶん) (tanbun)
• 短編(たんぺん) (tanpen)
• 短命(たんめい) (tanmei)
• 短絡(たんらく) (tanraku)
• 短慮(たんりょ) (tanryo)

References

Kanji in this term
短
たん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 短 (twan^X, “short”).

Noun

短(たん) • (tan) 

1. fault, weak point
2. (music) minor

Antonyms

• 長(ちょう) (chō)

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Korean

Hanja

短 • (dan) (hangeul 단)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 短簫

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 短 (đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.