研

See also: 硎 and 硏

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

研 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿 (MRMT), four-corner 1164₀, composition ⿰石开)

Derived characters

• 揅 䊙 𨨵 𬪮

See also

• 硏 (Original form of 研)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 828, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24080
• Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2418, character 14
• Unihan data for U+7814

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		研
alternative forms		硏 揅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 研
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (幵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笄	*kŋeː
枅	*kŋeː
蚈	*kŋeː, *ŋ̊ʰeːn
羿	*ŋeːs
栞	*ŋ̊ʰaːn
雃	*ŋaːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn
詽	*ŋreːn, *tŋ̊ʰeːn
揅	*ŋeːn
幵	*kŋeːn
鳽	*kŋeːn, *ŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, *ŋreːɡ
豣	*kŋeːn, *ŋeːns
麉	*kŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn
趼	*kŋeːnʔ, *ŋeːn, *ŋeːns
汧	*ŋ̊ʰeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːns
岍	*ŋ̊ʰeːn
研	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns
妍	*ŋeːn
訮	*hŋeːn
鈃	*ɡeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns) : semantic 石 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).

Etymology 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 研

1. to grind; to rub; to sharpen
2. to investigate; to study; to research
3. Short for 研究生 (yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 研 – see 硯 (“inkstone”). (This character is a variant form of 硯).

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Japanese

Shinjitai	研
Kyūjitai	硏

Kanji

研

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 硏)

1. to polish
2. study of ...
3. to sharpen

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: げん (gen)
• Kan’yō-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: とぐ (togu, 研ぐ, Jōyō)、みがく (migaku, 研く)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū): research, investigate
• 研究者(けんきゅうしゃ) (kenkyūsha): researcher
• 研究室(けんきゅうしつ) (kenkyūshitsu): laboratory
• 研究員(けんきゅういん) (kenkyūin): research fellow, lab worker
• 研究所(けんきゅうしょ) (kenkyūsho): research institute
• 研修(けんしゅう) (kenshū): training, induction
• 研修生(けんしゅうせい) (kenshūsei): trainee

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Korean

Hanja

研 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 研 (nghiên, tên, nghiền, nghiện)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999