研
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Traditional | 研 |
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Simplified | 研 |
Japanese | 研 |
Korean | 硏 |
Han character[edit]
研 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿 (MRMT), four-corner 11640, composition ⿰石开)
Derived characters[edit]
See also[edit]
- 硏 (Original form of 研)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 828, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24080
- Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2418, character 14
- Unihan data for U+7814
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
研 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 硏 揅 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 研 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns): semantic 石 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
研
- to grind; to rub; to sharpen
- to investigate; to study; to research
- Synonym: 究 (jiū)
- Short for 研究生 (yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”).
Compounds[edit]
- 中研 (Zhōngyán)
- 作業研究/作业研究
- 個案研究/个案研究 (gè'àn yánjiū)
- 學術研究/学术研究
- 工研院
- 極深研幾/极深研几
- 焚研
- 研京練都/研京练都
- 研修 (yánxiū)
- 研判 (yánpàn)
- 研商 (yánshāng)
- 研幾探賾/研几探赜
- 研幾析理/研几析理
- 研擬/研拟 (yánnǐ)
- 研末
- 研析
- 研桑心計/研桑心计
- 研深覃精
- 研發/研发 (yánfā)
- 研磨 (yánmó)
- 研磨機/研磨机 (yánmójī)
- 研究 (yánjiū)
- 研究員/研究员 (yánjiūyuán)
- 研究室
- 研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ)
- 研究生 (yánjiūshēng)
- 研究院 (yánjiūyuàn)
- 研窮/研穷
- 研精苦思
- 研精覃奧/研精覃奥
- 研精覃思
- 研精鉤深/研精钩深
- 研精靜慮/研精静虑
- 研經鑄史/研经铸史
- 研習/研习 (yánxí)
- 研習營/研习营
- 研習班/研习班
- 研製/研制 (yánzhì)
- 研覈
- 研訂/研订
- 研討/研讨 (yántǎo)
- 研詰/研诘
- 研議/研议
- 研讀/研读 (yándú)
- 研墨 (yánmò)
- 精研 (jīngyán)
- 考研 (kǎoyán)
- 讀研/读研 (dúyán)
- 鑽研/钻研 (zuānyán)
Etymology 2[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 研 – see 硯 (“inkstone”). (This character, 研, is a variant form of 硯.) |
Japanese[edit]
研 | |
硏 |
Kanji[edit]
研
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 硏)
Readings[edit]
From Middle Chinese 研 (MC ngen); compare Mandarin 研 (yán):
From Middle Chinese 研 (MC ngenH); compare Mandarin 研 (yàn):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: とぐ (togu, 研ぐ, Jōyō); する (suru, 研る); みがく (migaku, 研く)
- Nanori: あき (aki); かず (kazu); きし (kishi); きよ (kiyo); よし (yoshi)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên[1], nghiễn[2]
研: Nôm readings: nghiên[1], nghiền[3], nghiện[3], tên[4]
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading す-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みが-く
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かず
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